Source: UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING submitted to
BREEDING COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.) FOR RESISTANCE TO ABIOTIC AND BIOTIC STRESSES, SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION, AND ENHANCED NUTRITIONAL VALUE
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
NEW
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1007386
Grant No.
(N/A)
Project No.
WYO-562-16
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
W-3150
Program Code
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Oct 1, 2015
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2019
Grant Year
(N/A)
Project Director
Heitholt, JA, .
Recipient Organization
UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING
1000 E UNIVERSITY AVE DEPARTMENT 3434
LARAMIE,WY 82071-2000
Performing Department
Plant Sciences
Non Technical Summary
The Wyoming component of the research group will screen Phaseolus vulgaris accessions for drought and low N tolerance to see if parents can be identified for breeding programs. Germplasm identified as stress tolerant will ultimately be tested for its potential as a parent(s) by commercial and/or public breeding programs. The ultimate goal will be for the findings to improve profitability of dry bean producers in North America and to improve the quality of dry bean for consumers.
Animal Health Component
0%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
80%
Developmental
20%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
20314101020100%
Goals / Objectives
Improving bean yield potential by incorporating resistance/tolerance to major biotic and abiotic stresses, broadening the genetic base, implementing/integrating genomic resources and coordinating field trial nurseries. Implement sustainable and profitable agricultural systems that improve bean seed yield, conserve natural resources, and protect the environment. The overall strategy is based on collaborative research of constraints shared across production regions. This collaboration includes germplasm and pathogen exchange, sharing of protocols and techniques (e.g. DNA markers, virus isolates and infectious viral clones, field/greenhouse/lab. screening methodologies, etc.), regional nurseries and trials, and screening of genotypes for the traits of interest. As a result of this exchange of knowledge and material, breeding projects will be able to introgress and pyramid favorable alleles and QTL for enhanced seed yield potential, nutritional value, and resistance to multiple abiotic and biotic stresses using a multi-disciplinary and multi-institutional team approach. To accomplish these objectives, our research activities are divided into various sub-projects (see Appendix 1) in which researchers from two or more participating states and institutions conduct research on each major problem as a team. To identify and set priorities, all W-3150 participating researchers and stakeholders (such as growers and industry), will be periodically consulted about production problems and deficiencies in the available germplasm.
Project Methods
Our primary approach will be to perform field and greenhouse tests with a diverse group of Phaseolus vulgaris accessions and commercially-available dry bean lines. Treatments for drought research will be (1) withholding water from each accession (to approximately 75% ET) and (2) watering all accessions to prevent water stress. From these studies, we will calculate a drought susceptibility index which will identify potential parents for breeding. In a second set of studies, we will examine combinations of accessions and Rhizobium etli strains to see which combinations might be superior to the check or native inoculant(s) found in commercial preparations or on farmland used to grow dry bean. In a third set of studies, we will grow dry bean accessions with varying N levels to calculate a nitrogen efficiency index for as many accessions as possible.

Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/18

Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience for this project are breeders and dry bean seed companies seeking to deliver stress-tolerant bean lines for producers across the world. A secondary audience would be agronomists needing the latest and highest-yielding cultivars and consumers interested in food quality related to the different cultivars. Changes/Problems:We did not have any major problems except for hail storms that compromised the yield results at Lingle in 2018. Heitholt moved his project to Powell, WY, which is in the heart of Wyoming's bean seed production region so this will be an advantage going forward. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Heitholt is on the receiving end of multiple learning experiences. These are primarily obtained during the annual W-3150 meeting and tours. On alternate years at the Bean Improvement Cooperative, the experience is a bit more intense. During the summer of 2018, Heitholt attended the W-3150 meeting at UC-Davis (CA) and learned about lygus on lima bean and drone (NDVI) evaluation of different bean progeny. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Heitholt provided his MRPN and CDBN findings to the respective coordinator and has distributed his local CDBN data to bean producers and handlers in Wyoming. The Wyoming Bean Commission also received a copy of Heitholt's progeny results. The findings from 2018 will be published in the Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station Field Days Bulletin. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Heitholt plans to advance his breeding lines in the field at Powell, WY during 2019. In 2018, we performed a seed increase on 15 advanced lines at Powell and about 15 more at Lingle. Crosses will continue to be made during the winter and spring months of 2019 in order to establish lines that have good agronomic traits. Breeding and evaluation of popping lines is also continuing in 2019 in collaboration with food scientists in Laramie. Heitholt will attend the BIC meeting in Fargo (ND) in 2019.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Some of the progeny from different crosses performed well in Powell and Lingle, WY. In Powell, three progeny lines outyielded the commercial checks so those lines are going to be studied again in 2019. These are pink and pinto lines. Multiple lines that under-performed were discarded. Jim Heitholt is participating in the regional Dry Bean Drought Nursery (DBDN), Midwest Regional Performance Nursery (MRPN) trials and the national Cooperative Dry Bean Nursery (CDBN) trial. All three of these tests were grown at Lingle and the CDBN was also grown at Powell. Three local entries that were grown in the Powell CDBN outperformed the 21 standard entries. Heitholt also collaborated in a test of three pinto genotypes, with three levels of irrigation, five seeding rates, and two row spacings grown at Lingle and Powell. Results of that test were mixed but it appeared that 50K plants per acre might be an adequate stand in some environments. Heitholt is also evaluating popping beans. Heitholt found that variation in canopy temperature among popular cultivars is correlated with yield with the yield higher for cultivars with cooler canopies. The idea is to predict and identify high yielding genotypes and possibly forego measuring yield during selection if the number of plots and lines are too many or accurate yield numbers are lost due hail or other events. During the winter months in the greenhouse, the parents (the tropical photoperiod sensitive lines along with adapted types) are grown in the greenhouse and crosses or backcrosses are being made.

Publications

  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Sharma and Heitholt. 2018. Screening dry bean genotypes for drought tolerance in Wyoming. Wyo. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. pp. 74-75.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Heitholt, J., A. Alhasan, A. Homer, and K. Madden. 2018. 2017 (CDBN) Dry bean performance evaluation (Lingle). Wyo. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. p. 98 99.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Norton, J. and J. Heitholt. 2018. Edible dry beans as part of improved crop rotations in Wyoming. Wyo. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. p. 72 73.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Rai, A., J. Heitholt, and V. Sharma. 2018. Dry bean growth dynamics in response to deficit irrigation under surface- and sprinkler-irrigation systems. Wyo. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. p. 76-77.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Sharma, V., A. Rai, and J. Heitholt. 2018. Dry bean yield response to deficit irrigation under surface- and sprinkler-irrigation systems. Wyo. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. p. 78-79.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Norton, J. and J. Heitholt. 2018. Edible dry bean as part of improved crop rotations in Wyoming. Wyo. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. p. 72-73.


Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17

Outputs
Target Audience:Our target is dry bean seed companies and fellow plant breeders. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?One postdoc and one undergraduate participated in this project. These two individuals were trained in taking ecophysiological measurements of dry bean plants and canopies. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results from 2016 were presented in the Bean Improvement Cooperative Reports, at a Wyoming Bean Commission meeting, and in the Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station Field Day Bulletin. Results from 2017 were presented to the Wyoming Bean Commission in early February 2018. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We expect to perform a replicated yield test with the advanced lines generated from the crosses listed above. Progeny from numerous crosses are being advanced and will be grown plant-to-row in 2018. In 2018, we will also conduct the Lingle and Powell sites for the Cooperative Dry Bean Nursery and for the Dry Bean Drought Nursery.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Nineteen F4-lines from a cross between Long's Peak and UI 537 were grown and three locations. In one location, the lines were grown under full irrigation and under drought stress. Results are still being analyzed as of January 2018. We also grew the Cooperative Dry Bean Nursery at two Wyoming locations, Lingle and Powell. Results were submitted to the CDBN coordinator and will be published during 2018. Numerous crosses were made and F1 seed is being grown in the greenhouse during January 2018. Other F3 lines from crosses made in 2016 and 2017 are going to be grown in the field in 2018. At Lingle, WY, we grew 33 advanced lines from other breeding programs in what is called the Dry Bean Drought Nursery. All 33 lines were grown under full irrigation and deficit irrigation. Samples are still being processed as of February 2018.

Publications

  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Alhasan, A., and J. Heitholt. 2017. Differential response of fifteen pinto bean cultivars to two nitrogen rates. Bean Improv. Coop. Rep. 60:65-66.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Alhasan, A., and J. Heitholt. 2017. Chlorophyll and vegetative traits of eighteen dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes grown with zero fertilizer N and 60 pounds N per acre. Wyo. Agric. Exp. Stn. Field Days Bull. p 82-83.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Heitholt, J., and A. Piccorelli. 2017. Yield and stomatal conductance response of experimental dry bean genotypes to drought under greenhouse conditions. Wyo. Agric. Exp. Stn. Field Days Bull. p. 14-15.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Heitholt, J., V. Sharma, A. Pierson, and A. Piccorelli. 2017. Correlation between genotype differences in yield and canopy temperatures in Wyoming dry bean. Bean Improv. Coop. Rep. 60:193-194.
  • Type: Other Status: Accepted Year Published: 2017 Citation: Heitholt, J., V. Sharma, and A. Pierson. 2017. Yield in 36 dry bean genotypes and its correlations with agronomic traits. Wyo. Agric. Exp. Stn. Field Days Bull. p 46-47.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Heitholt, J., and V. Sharma. 2017. Variation in canopy temperature and normalized difference vegetation index for 23 dry bean genotypes grown under well watered and water stress conditions. Wyo. Agric. Exp. Stn. Field Days Bull. p. 84-85.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Sharma, V., and J. Heitholt. 2017. Dynamics of leaf stomatal resistance to photosynthetic photon flux density for different dry bean genotypes. Wyo. Agric. Exp. Stn. Field Days Bull. p. 50-51.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Sharma, V, A Pierson, J Heitholt. 2017. Dynamics of soil moisture and crop canopy architecture traits for dry beans in Wyoming. Wyo. Agric. Exp. Stn. Field Days Bull. p. 52-53.


Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/16

Outputs
Target Audience:The target audiences for this multi-state project are dry bean breeders throughout the world and domestic seed companies that market bean varieties. Other audiences include pathologists, weed scientists, molecular biologists, and food scientists. Changes/Problems:In 2016, a hail storm destroyed five dry bean tests at Lingle (WY). We did not have any experimental material at that site but we lost a chance to evaluate would-be parental material. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Our program is training one Ph.D. student and one undergraduate student. The Ph.D. student is screening released cultivars and accessions from the USDA Phaseolus vulgaris Collection for tolerance to low soil N. Our undergraduate student is screening cultivars for drought tolerance. Each student is learning how to measure agronomic and ecophysiological traits as well as culturing rhizobia strains that are used in our research. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results are disseminated primarily through the Wyoming Agicultural Experiment Station Field Days Bulletin, the Bean Improvement Cooperative Annual Reports, and in-person at field days held in July at Powell (WY) and in August at Lingle (WY). What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?In 2017, we will screen newly developed lines from other breeding programs for drought tolerance and tolerance to low soil N. We expect to test 20 F4 lines derived from a cross between a Colorado State pinto cultivar and a University of Idaho pink bean. Seed from single plant selections will be advanced and tested again in 2018. We continue to make crosses with not only elite material but also accessions from the Phaseolus Collection that might bring in new drought tolerant genes.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? For Wyoming in 2016, we screened dry bean genotypes for tolerance to drought and low soil nitrogen. At Powell (WY) and Lingle (WY), we conducted one location each of the Cooperative Dry Bean Nursery. At Lingle only, we conducted the Drought-Tolerance Nursery. At Powell, the yield results of the CDBN nursery are not yet available as of early December 2016. At Lingle, the CDBN was lost to hail as were all other tests. At Powell, genotypic variatio n (36 genotypes) in seed yield was negatively correlated with canopy temperature. This 2016 observation confirmed what our lab in Wyoming observed in 2015. How we might use canopy temperature as a selection tool going forward is unclear at this time but it remains an excellent opportunity.

Publications

  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Alhasan, A., and J. Heitholt. 2016. Effect of soil nitrogen rate on leaf chlorophyll and vegetative growth of dry bean. Univ. Wyoming Agr. Exp. Stn. Field Days Bull., p. 23-24. http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/_files/docs/2016-field-days-bulletin.pdf.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Alhasan, A, A. Piccorelli, and J. Heitholt. 2016. Effect of two nitrogen levels on growth traits of nine dry bean cultivars in the field. Univ. Wyoming Agr. Exp. Stn. Field Days Bull., p. 25-26. http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/_files/docs/2016-field-days-bulletin.pdf.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Alhasan, A., A. Piccorelli, and J. Heitholt. 2016. Influence of nitrogen fertility level on growth, grain yield, and yield components of different dry bean cultivars. Bean Improv. Coop. Ann. Rep. 59:173-174 (http://bic.css.msu.edu/Reports.cfm).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Heitholt, J., A. Pierson, C. Reynolds, and A. Piccorelli. 2016. Growth and pod traits correlate with grain yield among 50 dry bean cultivars. Univ. Wyoming Agr. Exp. Stn. Field Days Bull., p. 59-60. http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/_files/docs/2016-field-days-bulletin.pdf.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Heitholt, J., and B. Baumgartner. 2016. Drought susceptibility index and canopy traits of 49 dry bean genotypes subjected to water stress. Univ. Wyoming Agr. Exp. Stn. Field Days Bull., p. 99-100. http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/_files/docs/2016-field-days-bulletin.pdf.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Heitholt, J., and A. Piccorelli. 2016. Yield component response to water stress among six dry bean genotypes. Bean Improv. Coop. Ann. Rep. 59:235-236 (http://bic.css.msu.edu/Reports.cfm).