Progress 04/01/14 to 09/30/17
Outputs
Target Audience:Presentations were made on grape production at the following locations for updating grape growers and interested homeowners in research activities being carried out for expanding viticulture activities in Wyoming. Talks were presented at the "Living on a few acres" workshop in Cody (February 2013 - 60 people), Natrona county master gardeners conference (March 2013 - 30 people) and the Master gardeners conference in Sheridan (March 2014 - 50 people). A presentation was made to the Sheridan county master gardeners in April 2015 (15 people). A grape production workshop was conducted in Powell in May 2015 (30 people) to provide information on the use of the right training and pruning systems for cold-hardy grapevine cultivars. Presentations and visits were carried out at the annual field days in Sheridan (330 people over 5 years) and Powell for years 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017 (260 people over 5 years). A number of prospective and current grape growers visited the vineyard and obtained information on suitable cultivars and vineyard establishment procedures. Information to several growers and homeowners was also provided via phone consultations. Thus stakeholders statewide were benefitted from research activities. Changes/Problems:Climatic conditions vary widely from year to year in Wyoming. A freeze in October 2013 prevented proper grapevine acclimation. This followed by the polar vortex caused a delay in bud break and vine establishment in 2014. An early freeze in September 2014 caused a significant delay in vineyard establishment. The key to successful grapevine establishment in various regions of Wyoming depends on the screening and identification of early season cultivars that will mature and ripen prior to the fall frosts/freezes. Limited availability of cold hardy grape planting material can significantly delay vineyard planting. It is paramount to order planting material early, up to a year in advance to ensure vines can be obtained at the right time and planted at the beginning of the season to enable full utilization of the short growing season. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Undergraduate and graduate students were involved in vineyard management. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Presentations were made on grape production at the following locations for updating grape growers and interested homeowners in research activities being carried out for expanding viticulture activities in Wyoming. Information to several growers and homeowners was also provided via phone consultations. Thus stakeholders statewide benefitted from research activities. Beneficiaries of the project included current and prospective grape growers, homeowners and college students. Prospective growers who requested information for growing grapes were provided information on site selection, soil and water analysis, varietal selection, sources for purchasing grapevines and grapevine management practices. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will continue to screen grapevine cultivars over the next several years to obtain information on long-term performance of grapevine cultivars under Wyoming conditions.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
We observed differences in survival rates between cultivars at the Sheridan and Powell, WY locations. While high survival rates (70% and higher) were observed in most cultivars in Sheridan, the overall survival rate in Powell was 40%. Differences were also observed in dates of bud burst between cultivars at Sheridan and Powell locations. Preliminary data indicated that Frontenac, Marachal Foch and Osceola Muscat cultivars exhibited 100% survival in Sheridan, while 60% survival was observed in Frontenac Gris and Elvira cultivars. Further screening of cultivars over the years will help identify the appropriate cultivars that perform well under the diverse soil and climatic conditions of Wyoming.
Publications
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Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/16
Outputs
Target Audience:Target audience reached included current and prospective grape growers and homeowners interested in grape production. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Training was provided in grapevine training and pruning systems. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results were disseminated at the annual field day of the Sheridan Research and Extension center and to prospective growers and homeowners who visited the plot during the growing season. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will continue to evaluate cultivars for cold-hardiness and fruit quality.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
A grapevine cultivar evaluation trial was established in 2013 at the Sheridan R&E center. The center is at an elevation of 3,750 feet with a growing season of 120-130 days. Ten cultivars, Brianna, Canadice, Elvira, Fredonia, Frontenac, Frontenac Gris, LaCrescent, Marachal Foch, Marquette, and Osceola Muscat were planted in May 2013. Grapevines were trained to a high wire cordon and irrigated using drip irrigation. Vine survival, cold damage to compound buds and pruning weights were collected. Cold damage was estimated by analyzing 100 compound buds from dormant canes obtained after pruning. Since this was the first year any above-ground vine survival was observed, a single cluster was retained on each vine while remaining flower clusters were removed. A prolonged and gradual fall season in 2015 followed by a mild winter ensured a 100% above ground survival in all cultivars. A relatively dry summer season ensured rapid growth and development of grapevines. The month of September was very wet with heavy rainfall. Wide fluctuations were observed between day and night temperatures for the month of September and October. A hard freeze was recorded on October 12 where minimum temperatures dipped to 18F causing growth to cease and browning of leaves. Any possible damage to compound buds from this freeze will be evident following growth in the subsequent spring.
Publications
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Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/15
Outputs
Target Audience:Grape growers, interested homeowners, master gardeners, college students. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?A graduate student and undergraduate student was involved in recording observations and data collection. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Presentations were made on grape production for updating grape growers and interested homeowners in research activities being carried out for expanding viticulture activities in Wyoming. A presentation was made to the Sheridan county master gardeners in April 2015 (15 people). A grape production workshop was conducted in Powell in May 2015 (30 people) to provide information on the use of the right training and pruning systems for cold-hardy grapevine cultivars. Presentations and visits were carried out at the annual field days in Sheridan and Powell. A number of prospective and current grape growers visited the vineyard and obtained information on suitable cultivars and vineyard establishment procedures. Information to several growers and homeowners was also provided via phone consultations. Thus stakeholders statewide were benefitted from research activities. Beneficiaries of the project included current and prospective grape growers, homeowners and college students. Prospective growers who requested information for growing grapes were provided information on site selection, soil and water analysis, varietal selection, sources for purchasing grapevines and grapevine management practices. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Data will be collected on cold hardiness, bud break, pruning weights and other production parameters.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Bud swell (%), and bud burst was recorded to estimate spring frost susceptibility and the percentage of live vines following the winter. Pruning weights were recorded after bud break was observed to estimate for winter damage/injury. Plant height was recorded on July 17, when the vines were most vigorous and at their fastest growing rate. When grapevines reached the top wire of the trellis system (5 feet), the plant height was recorded at being greater than 5 feet, the head of the vine was pinched and was trained horizontally to the top wire.
Publications
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Dhekney, S.A., Kandel, R., Vardiman, J., Bergey, D.R., and Baldwin, M. 2015. Alleviating grapevine cold damage in Wyoming vineyards. UW AES Field Days Bulletin, 119.
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Progress 04/01/14 to 09/30/14
Outputs
Target Audience: Presentations and field visits were conducted for current and prospective grape growers. Information was provided on grapevine varieties suitable for Wyoming conditions and vineyard establishment practices. Presentations on grape production and vineyard establishment were given at the Casper county master gardener program in Casper and Powell, WY, and at field days held at the Sheridan and Powell Research and Extension Centers. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Grape growers were trained in techniques to estimate winter injury in their respective vineyards. Demonstrations on differences in cane and spur pruning of grapevines and the benefits and limitation of each system were carried out. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? The results were disseminated through annual reports, presentations at field days and through publication in the University of Wyoming, Agricultural Experiment Station, Field Days Bulletin. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? We will continue to record data on growth and development of grapevine cultivars, estimate winter injury in cultivars at different locations and test additional new cultivars as they become available for screening.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Thirty-five cultivars of several Vitis species including V. labrusca and Vitis interspecific hybrids were planted at a spacing of 10 feet X 5 feet at the Sheridan location. The vines were planted in 30 cm deep holes that were filled with compost and supplemented with 50 g 19:6:12 Osmocote fertilizer. Grapevines maintained in the greenhouse were planted at the field site. Ten replicate vines for each cultivar were planted.Ten cultivars of Vitis interspecific hybrids were planted at the same spacing at the Powell location. Data on winter survival and cold hardiness, plant height and growth patterns was collected. The 2013-14 winter/spring season was exceptionally cold with sustained freezing temperatures reaching -20°F and above during varying times of the season. We collected dormant cane samples of mature grapevines (7 years and older) from Casper, Powell, Sheridan, Worland and Wheatland vineyards during the month of April and May. The original plan to collect samples from eight locations did not materialize this year as growers from some locations did not prune their vines until June to alleviate freezing damage. Samples were stored at 4°C during the analysis period. A population size of 100 compound buds were selected from each cultivar/location sampled. The cane samples were allowed to thaw for 24 hours following which cross sectional cuts were made to each compound bud with a sharp scalpel, for exposing the primary, secondary and tertiary buds. The numbers of live and dead buds was estimated based on observed tissue color. Green-colored tissues indicated live buds, while buds suffering from cold damage were characterized by severe tissue browning. Percent damage to dormant buds was calculated to estimate winter injury on dormant canes. Data on cold-damage to compound buds was also determined by the incubation technique. In this case single node cuttings were inserted in a styrofoam holder and incubated in a water bath at 30°C for four weeks. The number of cuttings exhibiting growth of compound buds for each cultivar was recorded to calculate the percent cold-damage observed in each cultivar. Greenhouse-grown grapevines were used as positive controls in each analysis technique to confirm the validity of data collection. We observed significant differences in cold-damage caused to compound buds for the same cultivars grown at different locations. For instance, damage to LaCrescent grapevines was higher in Powell and Worland compared to Wheatland. Frontenac grapevines on the other hand exhibited strong cold-hardiness at both Powell and Wheatland, which provides some information on the cold-hardiness of this cultivar. This data indicates a strong cultivar by location interaction. Recording data for additional years should give us a strong correlation on cultivars that tolerate cold-damage better in certain locations and enable us to provide recommendations to grape growers statewide.
Publications
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Dhekney, S.A., Kandel, R., and Garcia y Garcia, A. 2014. University of Wyoming Grape growers partnership may help improve sustainable grape production in Wyoming. University of Wyoming, Field Days Bulletin, 125.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Dhekney, S.A., Garcia y Garcia, A., Kandel, R., Vardiman, J., Smith. D. 2014. Screening grapevine cultivars for adaptability to soil and climatic conditions in Wyoming. University of Wyoming, Field Days Bulletin, 104.
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