Source: TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY submitted to
INTEGRATING TEACHING, RESEARCH AND OUTREACH EFFORTS TO FACILITATE INDUSTRY APPLICATION OF MOLECULAR SUBTYPING FOR FOODBORNE PATHOGENS
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
TERMINATED
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0229355
Grant No.
2008-51110-19653
Project No.
TEXW-2011-06551
Proposal No.
2011-06551
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Program Code
111.G
Project Start Date
Nov 1, 2011
Project End Date
Aug 31, 2013
Grant Year
2012
Project Director
Nightingale, K.
Recipient Organization
TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY
(N/A)
LUBBOCK,TX 79409
Performing Department
Animal and Food Sciences
Non Technical Summary
Recent multistate outbreaks of foodborne illness attributed to cross-contamination of foods by persistent Listeria monocytogenes or Salmonella strains highlight the continued need for research and training on L. monocytogenes persistence and current knowledge gaps regarding Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 persistence. The overall goal of this project is to integrate applied research and outreach to augment knowledge regarding pathogen persistence. We propose to conduct combined field studies and molecular subtyping to identify persistent L. monocytogenes, Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 strains to probe risk factors for persistence and pathogen phenotypes that may contribute to persistence. Knowledge gained will be disseminated to food processors and trainers through a series of outreach activities designed to provide fundamental knowledge regarding pathogen persistence, identification of persistent strains and monitoring transmission patterns, risk factors for persistence and mitigation strategies to control persistence.
Animal Health Component
(N/A)
Research Effort Categories
Basic
25%
Applied
50%
Developmental
25%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
7124010104050%
7123320110025%
7123712117025%
Goals / Objectives
Overall goals: This proposed project will integrate applied research and outreach education to (i) gain a more comprehensive understanding of pathogen persistence, including transmission dynamics of persistent strains within food processing plants and risk factors associated with cross-contamination of foods by persistent strains (ii) populate and promote the utilization of a publicly available database that permits anonymous deposition of subtype, source and temporal data for key foodborne pathogens, to facilitate identification and surveillance of foodborne pathogen strains that persist in a food processing plant and (iii) develop and deliver outreach training sessions (i.e., in-plant trainings, webinars, workshops and symposia) to augment knowledge regarding pathogen persistence, as well as to communicate risk factors for cross-contamination of food products by persistent strains and mitigation strategies to control pathogen persistence Objectives: Objective. I. Perform longitudinal studies in meat and seafood processing plants to detect L. monocytogenes, Salmonella and pSTEC in the plant environment and food products. Objective. II. Subtype isolates from Obj. I to identify persistent strains, elucidate persistent strain transmission dynamics, including risk factors for persistence and cross-contamination of food products. Objective. III. Extend knowledge regarding persistence of pathogens in food processing plants, including risk factors for persistence and mitigation strategies to control persistent strains. Outcomes: Through the use of combined field studies and molecular subtyping to characterize L. monocytogenes, Salmonella and pSTEC isolates from the food processing plant environment and their associated food products, our project will provide a greater understanding of factors that contribute pathogen persistence in the food processing plant environment and elucidate the transmission dynamics of pathogens in the plant environment. Results from field studies and molecular characterization will be critically evaluated to identify risk factors for pathogen persistence and cross-contamination of food products by persistent strains, including identification of mitigation strategies to control pathogen persistence. Our team will conduct training sessions (i.e., in-plant trainings, webinars, workshops and symposia) and develop training materials (e.g., fact-sheets, presentations and hands-on activities) to disseminate general knowledge regarding pathogen persistence in the food chain and communicate mitigation strategies to control pathogen persistence with specific emphasis on eliminating harborage sites and interrupting transmission of strains that persist in the plant environment to food products.
Project Methods
Objective I. We will identify and enroll at least four fresh meat, RTE meat and RTE seafood plants each in a longitudinal study where environmental and food product samples will be collected from each plant on a bi-monthly basis for a two-year period. Data on plant demographics, production and sanitation practices will be collected through the use of a standardized questionnaire and these data will be compared as detailed in Obj. II to identify plant factors associated with pathogen persistence. Objective II. We will perform pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing of L. monocytogenes, Salmonella and pSTEC isolates I following standard CDC PFGE protocol. We will also compare data from plant survey questionnaires collected in Obj. I to the nature of persistent colonization of each plant by the pathogens targeted in this study along with contamination patterns for each plant. Objective III. We will (i) regularly communicate testing and molecular subtyping results to each plant enrolled in this study and conducting in-plant training sessions to critically evaluate contamination patterns in each plant (ii) develop short fact-sheets on pathogen persistence in food processing plants and (iii) conduct a web-based seminar (webinar) series to provide information on pathogen persistence in processing plants and (iv) develop and deliver workshops and symposia targeted towards industry and trainers, providing information on pathogen persistence.

Progress 11/01/11 to 08/31/13

Outputs
Target Audience: Target audiences include other academic researchers as well as food industry and government agencies that use molecular methods for detection and further characterization of foodborne pathogens and spoilage organisms. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Four graduate students (2 at Cornell University and 2 at Colorado State University) were trained under this project. Students presented their research at professional meetings (i.e., ASM and IAFP) in 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012. Graduate students also had the opportunity to serve as teaching assistants for workshops on molecular methods in food microbiology, which allowed them to interact with food safety professionals in academia, public health and industry. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Results have been communicated to stakeholders through workshops, formal courses and through poster and oral presentations at professional meetings. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? During the project four week-long workshops on Molecular Method in Food Microbiology were conducted for food safety professionals in academia, public health and the food industry. The workshop was instructed at Texas Tech University in 2013 after the project ended and will continue to be instructed at Texas Tech University each year. Drs. Nightingale and Wiedmann incorporated teaching modules on molecular methods in food microbiology in courses taught at Cornell University, Colorado State University and Texas Tech University. Approximately 6,000 environmental samples from production agriculture environments (i.e., produce fields and grazing pastures) and pristine environments (i.e., national parks and wildlife feeding areas) were collected in upstate New York and Colorado. Environmental samples were microbiologically analyzed to detect important human foodborne bacterial pathogens (i.e., Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella). Isolates have been characterized by molecular subtyping and banked at Cornell University and Texas Tech University for future studies.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Den Bakker, H.C., C.S. Manuel, E.D. Fortes, M. Wiedmann and K. Nightingale. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 63:3257-3268.


Progress 11/01/11 to 10/31/12

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Dr. Nightingale and Dr. Wiedmann incorporated teaching modules on molecular methods in food microbiology in courses they teach, team-teach or deliver guest lectures for at Texas University and Cornell University, respectively. Dr. Nightingale delivers lectures on molecular detection and subtyping of foodborne pathogens for the following courses; Food Safety and Food Microbiology. Dr. Wiedmann delivers guest lectures on molecular detection and subtyping of foodborne pathogens for graduate level courses at Cornell University. PARTICIPANTS: Texas Tech University: Kendra Nightingale and Sarah Navratil. Cornell University; Martin Wiedmann, Travis Chapin, Laura Strawn, Rachel Pfuntner, and Ester Fortes. TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audiences include other academic researchers as well as food industry and government agencies that use molecular methods for detection and further characterization of foodborne pathogens and spoilage organisms. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.

Impacts
Approximately 3,000 environmental samples from productions agriculture environments (i.e., produce fields and grazing pastures) and pristine environments (i.e., national parks and wildlife feeding areas) were collected in upstate New York and Colorado each. Environmental samples (i.e., drag-swab, water, soil, and fecal pat/dropping samples) were microbiologically analyzed to detect important foodborne pathogens, including Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, and pathogenic shiga toxin encoding Escherichia coli. Isolates have been stored at either Cornell or Texas Tech University and will be characterized by phenotypic (serotyping) and molecular (Pulsed field gel electrophoresis and targeted DNA sequencing) subtyping. Findings from sample collections efforts and characterization of pathogen isolates will be submitted as abstracts to be presented at a scientific meeting in 2013 (e.g., International Association of Food Protection or American Society for Microbiology).

Publications

  • Strawn, L. K., E. D. Fortes, E. A. Bihn, K. K. Nightingale, Y. T. Grohn, R. W. Worobo, M. Wiedmann and P. W. Bergholz. 2012. Landscape and meteorological factors affecting prevalence of three foodborne pathogens in fruit and vegetable farms. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. (Epub ahead of print: PMID 23144137).