Source: LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY submitted to
BREEDING LONG-GRAIN RICE VARIETIES BY CONVENTIONAL METHODS SUPPLEMENTED BY DOUBLED HAPLOID TECHNOLOGY
Sponsoring Institution
State Agricultural Experiment Station
Project Status
TERMINATED
Funding Source
STATE
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0195058
Grant No.
(N/A)
Project No.
LAB03614
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Program Code
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Jan 1, 2003
Project End Date
Dec 31, 2007
Grant Year
(N/A)
Project Director
Sha, X.
Recipient Organization
LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY
202 HIMES HALL
BATON ROUGE,LA 70803-0100
Performing Department
RICE RESEARCH STATION
Non Technical Summary
Current rice yields are not at the level of its potential. Disease pressure is high in Louisiana. Quality of current varieties needs to be improved. The purpose of this project is to develop new high yielding, disease resistant, improved quality long-grain varieties.
Animal Health Component
(N/A)
Research Effort Categories
Basic
25%
Applied
75%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
20115301080100%
Knowledge Area
201 - Plant Genome, Genetics, and Genetic Mechanisms;

Subject Of Investigation
1530 - Rice;

Field Of Science
1080 - Genetics;
Goals / Objectives
The primary objective of this project is to develop improved long- grain rice varieties by combining the breeding technologies at conventional and cellular levels. This will be complementary to current rice breeding efforts to develop superior varieties for southern rice growing area by improving major agronomic traits of current varieties which include disease tolerance, plant type, grains/panicle, and maturity.
Project Methods
Identify long-grain parents with high yield potential by screening numerous commercial varieties and elite experimental lines; Improve major agronomic traits of current long-grain cultivars that include disease tolerance, plant type, grains/panicle, and maturity by crossing among the identified parents and selecting promising progeny rows; Improve doubled haploid (DH) technology to create sizable populations of long-grain crosses for selection by enhancing anther culturability of long-grain crosses and using bridging parents; Select progeny rows (F3-F6 and DH2 to DH4) and test the advanced selections through preliminary yield (PY), Uniform Regional Nursery (URN), commercial advanced (CA), and advanced yield (AY)tests; Develop new long-grain varieties suitable to Louisiana through genetic evaluation of overall agronomic traits.

Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/07

Outputs
OUTPUTS: A total of 30 elite breeding lines have been developed in the last 5 years, which are derived from the anther culture of genetically diverse crosses between U.S. long-grains and U.S. medium-grain, japonica, and indica aromatic rice. Two doubled-haploid mapping populations each with over 100 unique individual plants have been generated for the identification of molecular markers for sheath blight resistance. During last 5 years, a total of 911 new crosses were made by using U.S. commercial rice varieties and elite breeding lines, as well as bridging parents, which have high yield, resistance to blast and sheath blight, and high regeneration ability. Over one million anthers were plated and about 20,000 doubled-haploid plants were regenerated. About 66,000 panicle rows were planted and selected/advanced. Preliminary yield trials were conducted on 933 anther culture-derived lines. PARTICIPANTS: X.Y. Sha, PI; Q.R. Chu, former PI; S.D. Linscombe, co-PI; S.J. Theunissen, research associate; B.J. Henry, research farm specialist. Organization: Rice Research Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center. TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audiences for this project include other rice breeders, rice growers, crop consultants, and extension personnel.

Impacts
U.S. long-grain rice was world renown for its superior grain quality. However, due to its short existence, it also has a very narrow gene pool. It is extremely difficult to expand the genetic diversity by direct incorporation of exotic germplasm from the world collection without disrupting the unique physiochemical properties associated with the U.S. long-grain rice. The elite anther culture lines derived from the crosses between diverse genotypes not only have the improved yield potential over commercial varieties but also have the standard U.S. long-grain quality. Therefore, they will be extremely valuable as critical breeding materials for further improvement of U.S. long-grain rice. One of the doubled-haploid populations, SB2, has been adopted by the USDA CSREES's RiceCap project for the development of molecular markers for sheath blight resistance.

Publications

  • Sha, X.Y. and Linscombe, S.D. 2007. Planting date affects grain and milling yields of water-seeded Clearfield rice. Agronomy Journal 99:1143-1150.
  • Sha, X.Y., Chu, Q.R., and Linscombe, S.D. 2006. Pedigrees of anther culture (AC)-related crosses. p. 62-78. In 98th Annual Research Report. Rice Research Station, La. Agri. Exp. Stn., LSU AgCenter. (Published in 2007).
  • Utomo, H., Linscombe, S.D., and Sha, X.Y. 2007. Incorporation of DNA markers to develop improved southern rice breeding lines. Poster # 81-4. The 52nd Annual Meeting of the Crop Science Society of America. Nov. 4-8. New Orleans, LA.
  • Sha, X.Y., Linscombe, S.D., and Theunissen, S.J. 2006. Development of improved long-grain and specialty purpose rice varieties for Louisiana. p. 51-61. In 98th Annual Research Report. Rice Research Station, La. Agri. Exp. Stn., LSU AgCenter. (Published in 2007).
  • Utomo, H.S., Linscombe, S.D., and Sha, X. 2006. Marker-assisted breeding: Incorporation of DNA markers to develop improved breeding lines. p. 82-85. In 98th Annual Research Report. Rice Research Station, La. Agri. Exp. Stn., LSU AgCenter. (Published in 2007).


Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06

Outputs
Anther culture (AC) breeding is an on-going research project aimed to develop improved long-grain rice varieties for Louisiana and the southern United States. A total of 174 new crosses were made by using U.S. commercial rice varieties and elite breeding lines, as well as bridging parents, which have high yield, resistance to blast and sheath blight, and high regeneration ability. Field evaluation and selection of breeding materials included 18,000 progeny rows. Of those, 8,000 were doubled haploid lines, and the remaining rows came from cross-breeding. Over 1,300 progeny rows were selected to advance and another 575 rows were bulk-harvested for the preliminary yield trials in 2007. The 2006 yield trials included 174 preliminary entries (78 replicated and 96 single plot entries) and 7 advanced entries in the Uniform Regional Rice Nursery (URN) and/or Commercial-Advanced tests (CA) that were carried out cooperatively by the five southern rice growing states and at six locations across Louisiana, respectively. A number of advanced lines with yield potential comparable with the predominant varieties such as Cocodrie and Cheniere will be closely evaluated, especially for grain quality in 2007.

Impacts
The new lines developed by this project will have important economic benefits to the Louisiana rice industry. Eight elite breeding lines will be advanced to URN and multi-location CA yield trials in 2007. An additional 200 doubled haploid lines selected will be included in the preliminary yield tests in 2007. All of these lines have high breeding and commercial value.

Publications

  • Chu, Q.R., Linscombe, S.D., Rush, M.C., Groth, D.E., Oard, J., Sha, X., and Utomo, H.S. 2006. Registration of a doubled haploid mapping population of rice. Crop Science 46:1417.
  • Sha, X.Y., Chu, Q.R., Linscombe, S.D, Theunissen, S.J., and Jin, X. 2005. Development of elite southern U.S. long-grain rice varieties through both cross-breeding and the doubled haploid technology. 97th Annual Research Report. Rice Research Station, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, LSU AgCenter, 97:88-96. (Published in 2006.)


Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05

Outputs
In 2005, anther culture (AC) breeding was continuously focused on developing improved long-grain rice varieties. A total of 165 new crosses were made by using bridging parents, which have high yield, resistance to blast and sheath blight, and high regeneration ability. About 4,000 double haploid plants (DH1) were regenerated. Field evaluation and selection of breeding materials included 20,000 progeny rows. Of those, 10,000 were DH lines, and the remaining rows came from cross-breeding. Over 1,200 progeny rows were selected to advance and another 571 rows were bulk-harvested for preliminary yield trials in 2006. The 2005 yield trials included 178 preliminary entries (82 replicated and 96 single plot entries) and 13 advanced entries in the Uniform Regional Rice Nursery (URN) and/or Commercial-Advanced test (CA) that were carried out cooperatively by the five southern rice growing states and at eight locations across Louisiana, respectively. Two double haploid populations were developed and adopted by the RiceCap - a USDA CSREES multi-state research project. A number of advanced lines with yield potential comparable with the predominant varieties such as Cocodrie and Cheniere will be closely evaluated, especially for grain quality in 2006.

Impacts
The new lines developed by this project will have important economic benefits to the Louisiana rice industry. Thirteen lines will be advanced to multi-location tests of the URN in 2006. An additional 200 DH lines will be included in preliminary yield tests in 2006. All of these lines have high breeding and commercial value.

Publications

  • Chu, Q.R., Linscombe, S.D., Diao, L.P., Fontenot, T., Theunissen, S., Jin, X., Groth, D.E., and Rush, M.C. 2004. Rice anther culture breeding. Ann. Res. Rpt., Rice Res. Stn., LSU AgCenter, 96:319-328.


Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04

Outputs
This project has the responsibility to develop long-grain varieties using doubled haploid (DH) technology. In 2004, 219 new crosses were made by using bridging parents, which have high yield, resistance to blast and sheath blight, and high regeneration ability. About 12,474 DH plants were regenerated. The field materials composed of 103 F2 populations, 20,000 progeny rows, 200 entries in Preliminary Yield (PY) tests, 20 entries in Advanced Yield (AY) tests, and 10 entries in the Uniform Regional Rice Nursery (URRN) and Commercial Advanced tests. Dozens of DH lines with various new plant types have been created, selected, and advanced. These lines recombine the genes from various DH parents. Many new types have shown moderately compact plants, with erect leaves that differ from Cocodrie and Cheniere, and have more tillers with thick canopy density that differ from Wells and Francis. The panicle sizes of the new lines are comparable with Cocodrie and Francis. Superior breeding lines developed so far have widened the genetic diversity of current cultivars. Among the 784 selected lines that were harvested, 344 lines showed the row weights, which surpass 350 grams, while the conventional check Cocodrie averaged 310 grams per row. PY data for 2004 indicated that 20 out of 100 DH lines showed similar or better yields than Cocodrie (7,797 lb/A). PY797 (CCDR/9770532DH2), PY773 (AC425DH2/AC431DH2), PY848 (CCDR/9770532DH2), PY781 (AC110DH3/0043752), and PY774 (AC425DH2/AC636DH1) showed yield increases of 9.6, 8.3, 5.7, 5.6, and 2.3%, respectively. The AY data indicated that 3 of 20 DH entries showed better yields than Cocodrie. AY13, AY7, and AY2 showed 4.1, 3.5, and 1.8% yield increases compared with Cocodrie (7,734 lb/A). Five of these lines (AY and PY) will be advanced to the 2005 URRN and Commercial Advanced tests. Preliminary yield data of the URRN trial (LA, AR, MS, and TX) showed that 10 DH lines performed well. LA2011 (9,147 lb/A), LA2128 (8,524 lb/A), LA2071 (8,491 lb/A), LA2062 (8,336 lb/A), and LA2042 (8,204 lb/A) were ranked 1st, 6th, 8th, 16th, and 28th among 200 entries. The results are promising compared with the best entries from AR (3rd, 8,682 lb/A), TX (66th, 7,764 lb/A), and MS (74th, 7,696 lb/A).

Impacts
Long-grain rice varieties occupy the majority of U.S. rice production. The market for long-grain rice is both local and international. Global climatic changes signal the demand for U.S. long-grain rice, particularly in the international market, could increase in the future. Harnessing biotechnology and conventional approaches could expedite the development of high yielding rice varieties.

Publications

  • Chu, Q.R., Linscombe, S.D., Kibanda, N.J., Fontenot, T.W., Bollich, P.A., Jin, X., Groth, D.E., and Rush, M.C. 2004. Rice anther culture breeding - Application of doubled haploid technology to develop elite southern U.S. lines. Annual Research Report. Rice Research Station, La. Agri. Exp. Stn., LSU AgCenter, 95:260-270.
  • Sha, X., Linscombe, S.D., Bearb, K., Chu, Q.R., Groth, D.E., White, L.M., Dunand, R.T., and Bollich, P.K. 2004. Registration of 'Pirogue' rice. Crop Sci. 44: 2269-2270.
  • Chu, Q.R., Fontenot, T., Bearb, K., Theunissen, B., Bollich, P.A., Jin, X., Conner, C., Howard, A., and Linscombe, S.D. 2004. Incorporation of double haploid technology with conventional breeding in Louisiana. Proc. Rice Tech. Wrkg. Group 30:55.
  • Chu, Q.R., Kibanda, N.J.M., and Linscombe, S.D. 2004. Comparison of yield components of 18 long-grain doubled haploid lines with five commercial varieties. Proc. Rice Tech. Wrkg. Group 30:78.
  • Chu, Q.R., Groth, D.E., Rush, M.C., Linscombe, S.D., and Shao, Q.M. 2004. Anther culture to develop rice germplasm with disease resistance. Proc. Rice Tech. Wrkg. Group 30:80.
  • Kibanda, N.J.M., Chu, Q.R., and Linscombe, S.D. 2004. Correlations study on yield components of 23 rice genotypes in Crowley. Proc. Rice Tech. Wrkg. Group 30:77-78.
  • Chu, Q.R., Fontenot, T., Conner, C., Howard, A., Theunissen, B., Bearb, K., and Linscombe, S.D. 2004. Performance of agronomic traits of 10 doubled haploid lines in nine locations in Louisiana. Proc. Rice Tech. Wrkg. Group 30:82.
  • Chu, Q.R. 2004. Recipe and protocol of culture medium for regenerating U.S. long-grain rice. Proc. Rice Tech. Wrkg. Group 30:85.
  • Jiang, J., Gibbons, J.W., Chu, Q.R., Linscombe, S.D., and Moldenhauer, K.A.K. 2004. Anther culturability of selected U.S. rice cultivars, experimental lines and exotic rice germplasm. Proc. Rice Tech. Wrkg. Group 30:73.
  • Utomo, H.S., Linscombe, S.D., Groth, D.E., and Chu, Q.R. 2004. Gene pyramiding and marker evaluation of blast resistant lines. Proc. Rice Tech. Wrkg. Group 30:105.


Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03

Outputs
In 2003, anther culture (AC) breeding focused on developing new long-grain lines. One hundred and ninety-four (194) new crosses were made by using bridging parents, which have high yield, resistance to blast and sheath blight, and high regeneration ability. About 12,474 double haploid plants (DH1) were regenerated. Field evaluation and selection of breeding materials increased to about 31,000 progeny rows as compared with 14,000 rows in 2002. These rows consisted of 10,000 DH rows and 10,000 F3 to F5 rows, and 11,000 F3 rows from the breeding project led by Dr. Linscombe. Among 574 rows harvested, 140 rows showed the row weights over 300 grams while the conventional check Cocodrie averaged 288 grams per row. The selected rows will be advanced to the Preliminary yield test in 2004. Two thousand and three (2003) data from the Preliminary Yield trial, including 200 entries (100 PY and 100 SP), indicated that 23 new lines yielded better than the commercial check. Ten experimental lines were tested in the Uniform Regional Rice Nursery (URRN) among five states and nine locations within Louisiana. A promising line (URN2149) showed good yield potential. An additional 20 lines were tested in the Advanced Yield trial at the Rice Research Station. Data summarized from the yield trial indicated that 57 entries had high yield potential and 35 lines yielded better than Cocodrie, Cypress, and Cheniere.

Impacts
The new lines developed by this project will have important economic benefits to the Louisiana rice industry. Ten lines will be advanced to the Uniform Regional Rice Nursery in 2004. An additional 200 DH lines will be included in the Preliminary Yield test in 2004. All of these lines appeared to have superior yield when compared with current varieties.

Publications

  • Chu, Q.R. and S.D. Linscombe. 2003. Slicing years off rice varietal improvement. Louisiana Agriculture 46(4):16-18.
  • Chu, Q.R. and S.D. Linscombe. 2003. Doubled haploid breeding of southern US long-grain rice. Proc of 3rd International Conference of Temperate Rice. Uruguay. P. 247-254.
  • Chu, Q.R. and S.D. Linscombe. 2003. Application of biotechnology to rice varietal improvement. Proc. Symp. of 2nd Intl. Conf. Agr. Sci. Tech. Houston, TX. P. 14-15.
  • Jodari, F., X. Sha, S.D. Linscombe, P.K. Bollich, D.E. Groth, L.M. White, R.T. Dunand, and Q.R. Chu. 2003. Registration of 'Dellmati' rice. Crop Science 43(1)435-436.
  • Chu, Q.R., S.D. Linscombe, T. Fontenot, P.A. Bollich, X. Jin, D.E. Groth, and M.C. Rush. 2003. Rice anther culture breeding. Ann. Res. Rpt., Rice Res. Stn., LSU AgCenter, 94:249-253.