Source: TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY submitted to
WEED MANAGEMENT IN CROPPING SYSTEMS IN THE TEXAS SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
TERMINATED
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0166804
Grant No.
(N/A)
Project No.
TEX08339
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Program Code
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Jun 23, 2008
Project End Date
Jun 22, 2014
Grant Year
(N/A)
Project Director
Dotray, PE, A.
Recipient Organization
TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY
750 AGRONOMY RD STE 2701
COLLEGE STATION,TX 77843-0001
Performing Department
Lubbock-TAMU Agr Res Cntr
Non Technical Summary
The Texas Southern High Plains is a semi-arid region that receives an annual precipitation of less than 20 inches. Supplemental irrigation allows this region to produce a variety of agronomic and horticultural crops. Major agronomic crops produced in this region include cotton, wheat, grain sorghum, peanut, and corn. Some minor crops such as alfalfa, sesame, and guar appear to be increasing in this region as effective alternatives in a cotton rotation system. Water is the key limiting factor in crop production and dryland production is dependent on the timeliness and total amount of rainfall. Record cotton yields have been recorded over the last three years in part due to favorable environmental conditions (temperature and water), crop genetics, and improved crop protection. A key limiting factor to crop production is pests. At least 12 billion dollars annually are lost due to weeds growing with crops in the United States. Producers spend approximately 3.6 billion dollars on chemical weed control and approximately 2.6 billion dollars on cultural, ecological, and biological methods of weed control. The overall objective of this project remains to develop economically feasible and environmentally sound weed management systems that ensure profitability and sustainability for Texas High Plains producers.
Animal Health Component
(N/A)
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
(N/A)
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
2031710114010%
2131710114010%
2131830114020%
2135220114045%
2167210114015%
Goals / Objectives
The overall objective of this project remains to develop economically feasible and environmentally sound weed management systems that ensure profitability and sustainability for Texas High Plains producers. Specific objectives include developing effective and economical weed management systems for crops grown in the Texas High Plains.
Project Methods
Experiments will be conducted on Texas AgriLife Research sites near Lubbock, Lamesa, and Halfway, at the Texas Tech Research Farms near campus and New Deal, and in grower fields. Specific weed problems by species, soil type issues, irrigation potential, tillage opportunities, and weed-free conditions to address crop responses to various herbicide treatments will be chosen to achieve specific research objectives. Greenhouse studies will be conducted at the Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Texas Tech University, and at the USDA-ARS - Lubbock. Laboratory studies have been and will continue to be addressed in collaboration with Dr. Mahan (USDA-ARS Plant Stress and Water Conservation Lab, Lubbock) regarding weed biology and physiology experiments. Field experiments will be conducted in a randomized complete block design, with factor partitioning where appropriate, data will be subjected by an analysis of variance and treatments separated by mean separation. Data will be reported in referred journal articles (e.g. Weed Science, Weed Technology), and summarized in popular articles for local distribution (e.g. Focus on High Plains Agriculture, Peanut Progress).

Progress 06/23/08 to 06/22/14

Outputs
Target Audience: Growers, crop consultants, agricultural chemicals industry, county extension agents, county IPM agents, crop protection colleagues Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Seven Master of Science students and one PhD students were trained in Weed Science. Several workshops were provided to help train county extension agents in weed science principles. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Results have been provided to professionals at scientific meetings, as well as oral presentations and popular press articles available at the local level. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Effective and profitable weed management strategies were identified in many crops grown on the Texas Southern Hih Plains, including cotton, peanut, and sesame. New crop protection chemicals were studied as well as new crop technologies with tolerance to herbicides.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2008 Citation: Woodward, J.E., M.A. Batla, P.A. Dotray, T.A. Wheeler, and T.A. Baughman. 2008. First report of Sclerotinia minor infecting Ipomoea hederacea and I. coccinea in Texas. Plant Disease. 92:482.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2008 Citation: Grichar, W.J., P.A. Dotray, and T.A. Baughman. 2008. Yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) control and peanut tolerance to S-metolachlor and diclosulam combinations. Weed Technology. 22:442-447.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2008 Citation: Joy, B.L., J.W. Keeling, and P.A. Dotray. 2008. Weed management in enhanced glyphosate-resistant cotton. Texas Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources. 21:1-13.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2009 Citation: Bechere, E., D.L. Auld, P.A. Dotray, L.V. Gilbert, and H. Kebede. 2009. Imazamox tolerance in mutation-derived lines of upland cotton. Crop Science. 49:1586-1592.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2009 Citation: Grichar, W.J., P.A. Dotray, and D.R. Langham. 2009. Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) response to preemergence herbicides. Crop Protection. 28:928-933.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2010 Citation: Bechere, E., D.L. Auld, P. Dotray, and H. Kebede. 2010. Registration of four upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genetic stock mutants with tolerance to imazamox. Journal of Plant Registrations. 4:155-158.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2010 Citation: Grichar, W.J. and P.A. Dotray. 2010. Response of Texas peanut to chlorimuron alone and in various combinations. Peanut Science. 37:26-31.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2010 Citation: Dotray, P.A., T.A. Baughman, and W.J. Grichar. 2010. Peanut response to carfentrazone-ethyl and pyraflufen-ethyl applied postemergence-topical. Peanut Science. 37:52-57.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2010 Citation: Grichar, W.J., P.A. Dotray, and T.A. Baughman. 2010. Peanut variety response to applications of carfentrazone-ethyl and pyraflufen-ethyl. Crop Protection. 29:1034-1038.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2010 Citation: Batla, M.A., J.W. Keeling, and P.A. Dotray. 2010. Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) management in second-generation glyphosate-resistant cotton. Texas Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources. 23:64-70.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2011 Citation: Prostko, E.P., T.L. Grey, M.W. Marshall, J.A. Ferrell, P.A. Dotray, D.L. Jordan, W.J. Grichar, B.J. Brecke, and J.W. Davis. 2011. Influence of dicamba on peanut yield, pod weight, and seed weight. Peanut Science. 38:61-65.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2011 Citation: Light, G.G., M.Y. Mohammed, P.A. Dotray, J.M. Chandler, and R.J. Wright. 2011. Glyphosate-resistant common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) confirmed in Texas. Weed Technology. 25:480-485.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2011 Citation: Grichar, W.J. and P.A. Dotray. 2011. Controlling weeds found in peanut with lactofen. Online. Crop Management. doi:10.1094/CM-2011-0912-01-RS. 8 p.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Grichar, W.J. and P.A. Dotray. 2012. Weed control and peanut tolerance with ethalfluralin-based herbicide systems. International Journal of Agronomy. Hindawi Publishing Corporation - Online. Volume 2012, Article ID 597434. doi:10.1155/2012/597434. 8 pages. http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ija/2012/597434/
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Grichar, W.J., P.A. Dotray, and D.R. Langham. 2012. Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) growth and yield as influenced by preemergence herbicides. International Journal of Agronomy. . Hindawi Publishing Corporation - Online. Volume 2012, Article ID 809587. doi:10.1155/2012/809587. 7 pages. http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ija/2012/809587.pdf
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Grichar, W.J., P.A. Dotray, and T.A. Baughman. 2012. Influence of simulated imazapic and imazethapyr herbicide carryover on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). International Journal of Agronomy. Hindawi Publishing Corporation - Online. Volume 2012, Article ID 274279. doi:10.1155/2012/274279. 6 pages. http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ija/2012/274279/.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Grichar, W.J., P.A. Dotray, and C. Trostle. 2012. Castor (Ricinus communlis L.) tolerance and weed control with postemergence herbicides. International Journal of Agronomy. Hindawi Publishing Corporation - Online. Volume 2012, Article ID 832749. doi:10.1155/2012/832749. 5 pages. http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ija/aip/832749/
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2010 Citation: Grichar, W.J., P.A. Dotray, and T.A. Baughman. 2010. Postemergence weed control in peanut using reduced rate or combinations of imazapic and imazethapyr. Online. Crop Management. doi:10.1094/CM-2010-1110-01-RS.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2011 Citation: Ford, A.J., P.A. Dotray, J.W. Keeling, J.B. Wilkerson, and L.V. Gilbert. 2011. Site-specific weed management in cotton using WebHADSS. Weed Technology 25:107-112.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2011 Citation: Keeling, J.W., K.S. Verett, J.D. Reed, and P.A. Dotray. 2011. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) tolerance to propazine applied pre- and postemergence. Weed Technology. 25:178-182.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Dotray, P.A., W.J. Grichar, T.A. Baughman, E. Prostko, T. Grey, and L.V. Gilbert. 2012. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) response to lactofen at various postemergence timings. Peanut Science 39:9-14. (doi: 10.3146/PS10-7.1)
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Grichar, W.J. and P.A. Dotray. 2012. Peanut cultivar response to S-metolachlor and paraquat alone and in combination. Peanut Science 39:15-21. (doi: 10.3146/PS11-7.1)
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Fromme, D.D., P.A. Dotray, W.J. Grichar, and C.J. Fernandez. 2012. Weed control and grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) tolerance to pyrasulfotole plus bromoxynil. International Journal of Agronomy. Hindawi Publishing Corporation - Online. Volume 2012, Article ID 951454. doi:10.1155/2012/951454. 10 pages. http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ija/2012/951454/
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Keeling, J.W., B.A. Brown, J.D. Reed, and P.A. Dotray. 2013. Grain sorghum response to saflufenacil applied preemergence. Crop Protection 46:1-6. hppt://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.croppro.2012.11.007.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Grichar, W.J., P.A. Dotray, and M.R. Baring. 2013. Peanut cultivar response to flumioxazin applied preemergence and imazapic applied postemergence. . International Journal of Agronomy. Hindawi Publishing Corporation - Online. Volume 2013, Article ID 371847. doi:10.1155/2013/371847. 5 pages. http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ija/2013/371847/
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Fromme, D.D., W.J. Grichar, P.A. Dotray, and C.J. Fernandez. 2013. Grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) tolerance and weed control with pyrasulfotole plus bromoxynil combinations. Crop Management. DOI 10.1094/CM-2013-0010.RS. 9 pages.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Grichar, W.J. and P.A. Dotray. 2013. Smellmelon control and peanut response to flumioxazin and paraquat alone and in combination. Peanut Science 40:135-141.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Prostko, E.P., T.M. Webster, M.W. Marshall, R.G. Leon, T.L. Grey, J.A. Ferrell, P.A. Dotray, D.L. Jordan, W.J. Grichar, and B.J. Brecke. 2013. Glufosinate application timing and rate affect peanut yield response. Peanut Science 40:115-119.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Grichar, W.J., P.A. Dotray, and D. R. Langham. 2014. Sesame tolerance to herbicides applied postemergence-directed. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture 4:162-170.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2014 Citation: Reed, J.D., J.W. Keeling, and P.A. Dotray. 2014. Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) management in GlyTol� Plus LibertyLink� Cotton. Weed Technology 28:In Press.
  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2008 Citation: Grichar, W.J., P.A. Dotray, and E.P. Prostko. 2008. Using diclosulam for yellow (Cyperus esculentus) and purple (Cyperus rotundus) nutsedge control in peanut in Crop Rotation. Yaram U. Berklian ed. Nova Science Publishers, Inc. pp. 123-140.
  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2011 Citation: Grichar, W.J., P.A. Dotray, and D.R. Langham. 2011. Weed control and the use of herbicides in sesame production in Herbicides, Theory and Applications. S. Soloneski and M. Larramendy, eds. Intech. Rijeka, Crotia. Pp. 41-72. ISBN: 978-953-307-975-2.
  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Grichar, W.J., P.A. Dotray, and J. Woodward. 2013. Weed and disease control and peanut response following postemergence herbicide and fungicide combinations in Herbicides - Current Research and Case Studies in Use. Chapter 5. Andrew Price, ed. ISBN: 978-953-51-1112-2, Intech. http://www.intechopen.com/books/herbicides-current-research-and-case-studies-in-use/weed-and-disease-control-and-peanut-response-following-post-emergence-herbicide-and-fungicide-combinations


Progress 01/01/13 to 09/30/13

Outputs
Target Audience: Area, regional, and statewide growers; County Agricultural Agents in District 2; crop consultants, the agricultural industry, homeowners and the general public; colleagues. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? This project is very involved in training Master and PhD level graduate students. This information is demonstrated at Field Days and for County-Agent Training. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Data from these research efforts is disseminated at multi-county cluster meetings, single county grow meetings, and at regional, state, and national weed science society meetings. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Continue to focus on research objectives per the various proposals that have been written to accomplish these research objectives.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Major goals of the project In the area of water quality, this research will be: 1) determine if glyphosate efficacy is affected by water sources, 2) determine if water conditioning agents improve glyphosate efficacy when water quality is poor, 3) determine the benefit of using reverse osmosis-treated water. In the area of investigating weed management systems in “new” transgenic crops, this research will: 1) determine weed management using dicamba- or 2,4-D choline (Colex-D Technology contains a new 2,4-D formulation plus glyphosate)-based systems with preplant and preemergence residual herbicides, 2) determine the efficacy of dicamba and 2,4-D choline on troublesome annual and perennial weeds including Russian thistle, kochia, horseweed, Palmer amaranth, morningglories, woollyleaf bursage, Texas blueweed, and field bindweed, 3) determine the effect of low rate (simulated drift and tank contamination) on non-transgenic cotton and other crops grown in the region, and 4) determine dicamba and 2,4-D choline movement under different field application conditions. In the area of weed resistance, this research will 1) conduct a computer-based grower survey to collect data including current cotton weed management practices, use of soil residual herbicides, and speculation of glyphosate-resistant weeds, 2) conduct a “roadside” survey in the 20-county area with the help of County Agents and IPM Agents to determine Palmer amaranth escapes in-season and potential resistance, 3) develop strategies for growers who have glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth, 4) demonstrate the value of residual herbicides applied at different application timings, and 5) examine weed management systems using dicamba-, glufosinate-, and 2,4-D-based systems for their effectiveness on several weeds including Palmer amaranth. What was accomplished under these goals? The effects of water source, glyphosate rate (11 and 22 oz/A), and presence or absence of ammonium sulfate on glyphosate efficacy were assessed in six field trials established near Lubbock, TX in 2012 and 2013. Treatments including reverse osmosis water increased glyphosate efficacy in only one of the six trials when glyphosate was applied at 11 oz/A; however, the addition of AMS increased glyphosate efficacy in five out of the six trials. In new transgenic crop technology, utilizing dicamba or 2,4-D, effective control of Russian-thistle, Palmer amaranth, Texas millet, and other difficult to manage weeds in Texas High Plains cotton has been observed. Field studies were established in 2013 to evaluate Enlist Duo alone and in combination with glyphosate, glufosinate, or a soil-residual herbicide for postemergence control of glyphosate-susceptible Palmer amaranth in Enlist Cotton. Palmer amaranth control was greater when Enlist Duo was applied alone or with the addition of glyphosate, glufosinate, or a soil residual herbicide compared to treatments including glufosinate alone or glufosinate plus a soil residual herbicide. Field studies were established in 2013 to evaluate dicamba system in XTend Flex cotton. Effective weed management systems were observed in many systems where dicamba was used early-postemergence and mid-postemergence following the use of soil residual herbicides. A survey was been created and distributed at four (4) county programs to date. We anticipate distribution to at least 10 more county programs over the next several months. This survey will give us a better idea of current weed management strategies (inputs) used in the Texas High Plains, and the most important weeds that need to be controlled.

Publications

  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Grichar, W.J., Dotray, P.A., and Woodward, J. 2013. Weed and disease control and peanut response following postemergence herbicide and fungicide combinations in Herbicides - Current Research and Case Studies in Use. Chapter 5. Andrew Price, ed. ISBN: 978-953-51-1112-2, Intech. http://www.intechopen.com/books/herbicides-current-research-and-case-studies-in-use/weed-and-disease-control-and-peanut-response-following-post-emergence-herbicide-and-fungicide-combinations.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Keeling, J.W., Brown, B.A., Reed, J.D, and Dotray, P.A. 2013. Grain sorghum response to saflufenacil applied preemergence. Crop Protection 46:1-6. hppt://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.croppro.2012.11.007.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Grichar, W.J., Dotray, P.A., and Baring, M.R. 2013. Peanut cultivar response to flumioxazin applied preemergence and imazapic applied postemergence. . International Journal of Agronomy. Hindawi Publishing Corporation - Online. Volume 2013, Article ID 371847. doi:10.1155/2013/371847. 5 pages. http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ija/2013/371847/
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Fromme, D.D., Grichar, W.J., Dotray, P.A., and Fernandez, C.J. 2013. Grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) tolerance and weed control with pyrasulfotole plus bromoxynil combinations. Crop Management. DOI 10.1094/CM-2013-0010.RS. 9 pages.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Albers, C.R., Woodward, J.E., Dotray, P.A., Best, E.C., Jost, D.J., and Smith, J.G. 2013. Evaluating fiber properties in verticillium wilt susceptible and resistant cotton cultivars in relation to increasing nitrogen rates. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conferences. Online. p. 830.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Baughman, T.A., Curry, H., Dotray, P.A., and Grichar, W.J. 2013. Evaluation of preemergence herbicides in peanut. Proceedings of the Southern Weed Science Society. 66:57.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Cave, J.W., Keeling, J.W., Dotray, P.A., and Bordovski, J.P. 2013. Cotton line yield, fiber quality, and water-use efficiency as influenced by cultivar and irrigation level. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conferences. Online. p. 819.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Cave, J.W, J.W. Keeling, P.A. Dotray, and J.D. Reed. 2013. Residual herbicides for Palmer amaranth management in cotton. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conferences. Online. p. 330.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Cave, J.W, Keeling, J.W., Dotray, P.A., Reed, J.D. 2013. Managing Palmer amaranth in cotton with residual herbicides. Proceedings of the Southern Weed Science Society. 66:33.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2013 Citation: Grichar, W.J. and Dotray, P.A. 2013. Smellmelon control and peanut response to flumioxazin and paraquat alone and in combination. Peanut Science 40:In Press.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2013 Citation: Grichar, W.J., Dotray, P.A., and Langham, D.R. 2013. Sesame tolerance to herbicides applied postemergence-directed. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture. In Press.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Dotray, P.A. and Grichar, W.J. 2013. Mid-season weed control in peanut in Texas in Peanut Progress. Vol. 7, Issue 1. Jun. 5 p. http://peanut.tamu.edu/current-peanut-progress-newsletter/
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Dotray, P.A. and Grichar, W.J. 2013. Mid- to late-season weed control options in Peanut Progress. Vol. 7, Issue 2. July. 8 p. http://peanut.tamu.edu/files/2012/04/2013Newsletter02_mail-merge.pdf
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Morgan, G.D., Baumann, P.A., and Dotray, P.A. 2013. 4-Step program for managing glyphosate resistant pigweeds in Texas cotton. Texas A&M AgriLife Extension. SCS-2013-03. 4 p.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Morgan, G.D., Baumann, P.A., and Dotray, P.A. 2013. Weed management in Texas Cotton. Texas A&M AgriLife Extension. SCS-2013-09. 22 p.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Grichar, W.J., Dotray, P.A., and Etheredge, L.M. 2013. Weed control and peanut tolerance to acetochlor. Proceedings of the Southern Weed Science Society. 66:60.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Manuchehri, M.M., Dotray, P.A., Morris, T.S., and Keeling, J.W. 2013. Roundup PowerMax as influenced by water quality and ammonium sulfate. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conferences. Online. p. 1250.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Manuchehri, M.M., Dotray, P.A., Morris, T.S., and Keeling, J.W. 2013. Influence of water quality on glyphosate activity in the Texas High Plains. Proceedings of the Southern Weed Science Society. 66:272.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Manuchehri, M.M., Dotray, P.A., Morris, T.S., and Keeling, J.W. 2013. Effect of water quality on glyphosate efficacy. Abstr. Weed Science Society of America. Online. p. 108.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Manuchehri, M.M., Dotray, P.A., Reed, J.D., Keeling, J.W., Lee, J. 2013. Palmer amaranth management in Enlist cotton systems in the Texas High Plains. Abstr. Weed Science Society of America. Online. p. 227.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Morris, T.S., Dotray, P.A., Keeling, J.W., Reed, J.D. 2013. Warrant: A new tool for weed management in cotton. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conferences. Online. p. 323.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Morris, T.S., Dotray, P.A., Keeling, J.W., and Reed, J.D. 2013. Cotton tolerance and weed management with Warrant. Proceedings of the Southern Weed Science Society. 66:39.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Reed, J.D., Keeling, J.W., Dotray, P.A., and Lee, J.A. 2013. Enlist weed management systems: Texas High Plains cotton. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conferences. Online. p. 317.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Reed, J.D., Keeling, J.W., Dotray, P.A., and Lee, J.A. 2013. Enlist weed management systems in Texas High Plains cotton. Proceedings of the Southern Weed Science Society. 66:32. Spradley, J.L., Keeling, J.W., Dotray, P.A., and Reed, J.D. 2013. Glyphosate/dicamba/glufosinate tolerant cotton weed mangement systems in the Texas High Plains. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conferences. Online. p. 331.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Spradley, J.L., Keeling, J.W., Dotray, P.A., and Reed, J.D. 2013. Palmer amaranth and ivyleaf morningglory control in glyphosate/dicamba/glufosinate tolerant cotton. Proceedings of the Southern Weed Science Society. 66:122.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Manuchehri, M.R., Merchant, R.M., Dotray, P.A., and Grichar, W.J. 2013. Weed management systems with Warrant in Texas Peanut. Proceedings of the American Peanut Research and Education Society. 45:27.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Merchant, R.M., Dotray, P.A., and Manuchehri, M.R. 2013. Zidua: A new tool for weed control in peanut. Proceedings of the American Peanut Research and Education Society. 45:28.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Grichar, W.J., Dotray, P.A., Ethredge, L.M, and Faletti, M.T. 2013. Weed control and peanut tolerance to acetochlor. Proceedings Texas Plant Protection Conference. 25:37-38.


Progress 01/01/12 to 12/31/12

Outputs
OUTPUTS: The effects of water quality and water conditioning agents on glyphosate efficacy were assessed in five field trials established near Lubbock, TX in 2012.In 3 of the 5 trials, differences in efficacy due to water source or a water source by glyphosate rate interaction were observed.Additionally efficacy across trials improved with increasing glyphosate rate and the presence of ammonium sulfate.A decrease in weed control due to water sample may be attributed to high concentrations of calcium magnesium manganese or sodium.Experiments assessing these cations are currently being performed in order to better understand the water sample effects observed in these field trials.The use of glyphosate/dicamba/glufosinate tolerant(DGT) cotton could improve control of many problem annual and perennial weeds on the Texas High Plains.In 2012 studies were conducted to evaluate crop response and weed management systems using this new transgenic cotton technology which may be available to growers in 2015.Excellent cotton tolerance was observed in all field trials. Effective weed management systems including the control of Palmer amaranth(Amaranthus palmeri)and devil's-claw(Proboscidea louisianica)were observed at several trial locations in 2012.Cotton tolerance to 2,4-D(Enlist cotton)was also examined in several field trials in 2012.Excellent cotton tolerance following applications of 2,4-D + glyphosate(Enlist Duo)was noted as well as effective weed management systems.Enlist Duo improved Russian thistle(Salsola iberica)control compared to glyphosate or 2,4-D Choline alone(93-95% vs. 68-79%).Enlist Duo alone controlled Russian thistle as well as Enlist Duo + glufosinate or 2,4-D Choline + glufosinate(91-93%).Weed control following Enlist Duo EPOST improved with the addition of a soil-residual herbicide compared to Enlist Duo alone.Enlist Duo EPOST followed by Enlist Duo mid-postemergence achieved >94% Palmer amaranth control at two locations.This technology could be available to growers as early as 2016.Concerns over physical and volatile spray drift and tank contamination issues will continue to be addressed prior to the release of this technology.Warrant is an encapsulated formulation of acetochlor for postemergence(over-the-top)use in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)corn(Zea mays L.)and soybean(Glycine max L. Merr)and for preplant incorporated and preemergence use in sorghum(Sorghum bicolor L. Moench).The encapsulation technology minimizes crop damage and lengthens the period of soil residual weed control.Crop tolerance and weed management were evaluated in cotton and peanut in 2012.In cotton injury ranged from 0 to 11% following the 1X rate of Warrant applied preplant(PP preemergence(PRE)PP followed by(fb)PRE.Warrant applied PP or PRE at 2X was more injurious than the 1X rate at either timing.Roundup Powermax(glyphosate) + Warrant(1X)applied PP or PRE controlled Palmer amaranth 90 to 100% six weeks after planting.Roundup Powermax + Warrant(1X)applied PP fb PRE improved late-season control of Palmer amaranth compared to either PP or PRE applications alone.In peanut good crop tolerance and early-season Palmer amaranth control was observed. PARTICIPANTS: Participants: Wayne Keeling, collaborator on several projects including Cotton Incorporated - Texas State Support Committee and several projects sponsored by the agricultural chemical industry. James Grichar, Texas Peanut Producers Board, National Peanut Board, Sesaco Corporation, and several projects sponsored by the agricultural chemical industry. TARGET AUDIENCES: Growers, consultants, county agents, the agricultural chemicals industry, colleagues across the state who work in cotton, peanut, sesame, sorghum, corn, wheat, alfalfa. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.

Impacts
Effective weed management in new herbicide-tolerant cotton germplasms was confirmed in several different transgenic cotton systems. In light of the development of herbicide resistant weeds, a diversified approach using different herbicide "modes of action" as well as mechanical, cultural, biological, and physical approaches is highly recommended. The influence of water quality, water conditioning agents, and herbicide rate are important factors to consider to maximize the efficacy of herbicides. Successful weed management systems in peanut and sorghum were identified using new herbicide active ingredients or new formulations of older active ingredients. Effective weed management systems were identified in wheat, alfalfa, sesame, and castor. New herbicide active ingredients will continue to be tested in all crops. The selection of herbicide tolerance in cotton following mutagenesis will continue to provide non-GMO options to producers across the state, country, and globe.

Publications

  • Fromme, D.D., Dotray, P.A., Grichar, W.J., and Fernandez, C.J. 2012. Weed control and grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) tolerance to pyrasulfotole plus bromoxynil. International Journal of Agronomy. Hindawi Publishing Corporation - Online. Volume 2012, Article ID 951454. doi:10.1155/2012/951454. 10 pages. http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ija/2012/951454/
  • Dotray, P.A., Keeling, J.W., Gilbert, L.V., and Etheredge, L.M. 2012. Weed management systems in cotton in the Texas High Plains. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conferences. Online. p. 1504.
  • Albers, C.R., Woodward, J.E., Best, E.C., Jost, D.J., and Dotray, P.A. 2012. Effect of nitrogen on fiber quality of cotton varieties with varying reactions to verticillium wilt. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conferences. Online. p. 183.
  • Cave, J.W., Keeling, J.W., Dotray, P.A., Bordovsky, J.P. 2012. Cotton lint yield, fiber quality, and water-use efficiency as influenced by cultivar and irrigation level. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conferences. Online. p. 95.
  • Morris, T.S., Dotray, P.A., Keeling, J.W., and Gilbert, L.V. 2012. Preplant horseweed control in reduced tillage cotton in the Texas High Plains. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conferences. Online. p. 1507.
  • Reed, J.D., Keeling, J.W., and Dotray, P.A. 2012. Potential weed control antagonism in glyphosate/glufosinate tank mixes. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conferences. Online. p. 1506.
  • Spradley, J.L., Keeling, J.W., Dotray, P.A., and Reed, J.D. 2012. Weed management in dicamba/glufosinate-tolerant cotton in the Texas High Plains. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conferences. Online. p. 1502.
  • Dotray, P.A., Bean, B., Perkins, W.R., Keeling, J.W., and Gilbert, L.V. 2012. Huskie: A new tool for weed management in sorghum. Proceedings of the Southern Weed Science Society. 65:75.
  • Reed, J.D., Keeling, J.W., and Dotray, P.A. 2012. Palmer amaranth and morningglory management in glyphosate/glufosinate-tolerant cotton. Proceedings of the Southern Weed Science Society. 65:249.
  • Keeling, W.J., Spradley, J.L., Reed, J.D., and Dotray, P.A. 2012. Palmer amaranth management in dicamba/glufosinate-tolerant cotton in the Texas High Plains. Proceedings of the Southern Weed Science Society. 65:69.
  • Reed, J.D., Keeling, J.W., and Dotray, P.A. 2012. Managing Palmer amaranth and ivyleaf morningglory in glyphosate/glufosinate-tolerant cotton. Abstr. Weed Science Society of America. Online. p.22.
  • Dotray, P.A., Grichar, W.J., and Gilbert, L.V. 2012. Peanut tolerance and weed control with Warrant. Proceedings of the American Peanut Research and Education Society. 44:41-42.
  • Grichar, W.J., Dotray, P.A. and Baring, M.R. 2012. Peanut cultivar response to flumioxazin applied preemergence and imazapic applied postemergence. Proceedings of the American Peanut Research and Education Society. 44:24-25.
  • Keeling, J. W. and Dotray, P.A. 2012. Weed Research Report. Texas AgriLife Research. 350 p.
  • Dotray, P.A. and Keeling, J.W. 2012. Cotton Weed Control: The importance of preplant weed control in cotton. Pages 12-14 in Focus on South Plains Agriculture. Vol. 51, No. 2. Feb. 8. http://lubbock.tamu.edu/focus-newsletter/
  • Dotray, P.A. and Keeling, J.W. 2012. Late-season weed management - West Texas. 5 pages in Focus on South Plains Agriculture. Vol. 51, No. 8. http://lubbock.tamu.edu/focus-newsletter/
  • Grichar, W.J. and Dotray, P.A. 2012. Weed control and peanut tolerance with ethalfluralin-based herbicide systems. International Journal of Agronomy. Hindawi Publishing Corporation - Online. Volume 2012, Article ID 597434. doi:10.1155/2012/597434. 8 pages. http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ija/2012/597434/
  • Grichar, W.J., Dotray, P.A., and Langham, D.R. 2012. Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) growth and yield as influenced by preemergence herbicides. International Journal of Agronomy. . Hindawi Publishing Corporation - Online. Volume 2012, Article ID 809587. doi:10.1155/2012/809587. 7 pages. http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ija/2012/809587.pdf
  • Grichar, W.J., Dotray, P.A., and Baughman, T.A. 2012. Influence of simulated imazapic and imazethapyr herbicide carryover on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). International Journal of Agronomy. Hindawi Publishing Corporation - Online. Volume 2012, Article ID 274279. doi:10.1155/2012/274279. 6 pages. http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ija/2012/274279/.
  • Grichar, W.J., Dotray, P.A., and Trostle, C. 2012. Castor (Ricinus communlis L.) tolerance and weed control with postemergence herbicides. International Journal of Agronomy. Hindawi Publishing Corporation - Online. Volume 2012, Article ID 832749. doi:10.1155/2012/832749. 5 pages. http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ija/aip/832749/
  • Dotray, P.A., Grichar, W.J., Baughman, T.A., Prostko, E., Grey, T., and Gilbert, L.V. 2012. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) response to lactofen at various postemergence timings. Peanut Science 39:9-14. (doi: 10.3146/PS10-7.1)
  • Grichar, W.J. and Dotray, P.A. 2012. Peanut cultivar response to S-metolachlor and paraquat alone and in combination. Peanut Science 39:15-21. (doi: 10.3146/PS11-7.1)


Progress 01/01/11 to 12/31/11

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Cotton stand in strip-tillage (ST) was similar to stand in conventional-tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) in 2011. There were no differences in lint yield. Five years of large-plot field research suggest that ST cotton stand was equal to or greater than stand in CT in four of five years. Lint yield in ST was equal to or superior to cotton yield in CT in all five years. In four of five years, cotton stand and yield in ST was superior to stand and yield in NT. Palmer amaranth (PA) is one of the most common and troublesome weeds on the Texas High Plains. Residual herbicides used in a glyphosate-based "system" will control PA but weed shifts in these systems and in glyphosate-only systems have been observed in recent years. Ivyleaf morningglory (IM) is another problematic weed in this region. Weed control systems in GlyTol + LibertyLink (GL) cotton may offer improved opportunities to manage IM while maintaining effective control of PA; however, there are concerns about antagonism between glyphosate (Roundup PowerMax, RUPM) and glufosinate-ammonium (Ignite 280, IGN) when applied in a tank-mix. Field and greenhouse trials were conducted to evaluate combinations of RUPM and IGN in varying tank-mixtures when applied to 2 to 4 inch weeds. Results of field studies indicated that tank-mixes of RUPM and IGN were less effective at controlling PA than when RUPM was applied alone. The addition of any rate of IGN to the full rate of RUPM reduced PA control when compared to RUPM applied alone. Tank-mixes of RUPM and IGN were as effective at controlling IM when compared to IGN applied alone. The addition of any rate of RUPM to the full rate of IGN did not affect control of IM. In greenhouse studies using Colby's method of comparing observed and expected plant biomass accumulation after application, PA antagonism was observed. Greenhouse studies of IM indicated that low levels of antagonism were apparent with some tank-mix treatments but not with all combinations. Transgenic soybean tolerant to 2,4-D may be available in the near future. Soybean was tolerant to 2,4-D regardless of stress up to 5 days after application. In peanut, no differential varietal tolerance was noted using four runner and one Virginia variety following S-metolachlor and encapsulated acetochlor when applied preemergence at 2X rates. Acetolactate synthase tolerant sorghum was very tolerant to rimsulfuron and nicosulfuron tank-mix applications and effective weed management systems were observed and cotton emergence and yield were not affected when an 8 month interval between application and planting was followed. Huskie, a new herbicide for control of certain broadleaf weeds in grain sorghum, was tested and results suggest excellent activity when applications were made to actively growing weeds up to four inches in height. Weed management systems in sesame, wheat, and alfalfa were also examined. Populations of PA were identified that have an elevated tolerance to glyphosate. Eight of twelve locations tested appear to contain resistant populations. Use of different herbicide modes of action, tillage, and crop rotation is encouraged for effective and sustainable weed management systems. PARTICIPANTS: Wayne Keeling, collaborator on several projects including Cotton Incorporated - Texas State Support Committee, International Cotton Research Center, Grain Sorghum Initiative, and several projects sponsored by the agricultural chemical industry. James Grichar, Texas Peanut Producers Board, National Peanut Board, Sesaco Corporation, and several projects sponsored by the agricultural chemical industry. TARGET AUDIENCES: Growers, consultants, county agents, the agricultural chemicals industry, colleagues across the state who work in cotton, peanut, sesame, sorghum, corn, wheat, alfalfa. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

Impacts
Effective weed management systems and associated net returns above weed control costs were determined in transgenic cotton systems in three different tillage systems. Successful weed management systems in sorghum were identified using new herbicide active ingredients. Effective weed management systems were identified in peanut, wheat, alfalfa, and sesame.

Publications

  • Grichar, W.J., Dotray, P.A. and Langham, D.R. 2011. Weed control and the use of herbicides in sesame production in Herbicides, Theory and Applications. S. Soloneski and M. Larramendy, eds. Intech. Rijeka, Crotia. Pp. 41-72. ISBN: 978-953-307-975-2.
  • Ford, A.J., Dotray, P.A., Keeling, J.W., Wilkerson, J.B. and Gilbert, L.V. 2011. Site-specific weed management in cotton using WebHADSS. Weed Technology. 25:107-112.
  • Keeling, J.W., Verett, K.S., Reed, J.D. and Dotray, P.A. 2011. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) tolerance to propazine applied pre- and postemergence. Weed Technology. 25:178-182.
  • Prostko, E.P., Grey, T.L., Marshall, M.W., Ferrell, J.A., Dotray, P.A., Jordan, D.L., Grichar, W.J., Brecke, B.J. and Davis, J.W. 2011. Influence of dicamba on peanut yield, pod weight, and seed weight. Peanut Science. 38:61-65.
  • Baumann, P.A., Bean, B.W., Fromme, D.D., Baughman, T.A., Keeling, J.W., Dotray, P.A., Castner, E.P. and Rupp, R. 2011. Performance of herbicide tolerant sorghum systems in Texas. Proceedings of the Southern Weed Science Society. 64:53.
  • Dotray, P.A., Reed, J.D. and Keeling, J.W. 2011. Control of ivyleaf morningglory in GlyTol plus LibertyLink cotton. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conferences. Online. p. 1564.
  • Dotray, P.A., Reed, J.D. and Keeling, J.W. 2011. Ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq.) management in GlyTol Plus LibertyLink Cotton. Southern Weed Science Society. Proceedings of the Southern Weed Science Society. 64:261.
  • Reed, J.D., Dotray, P.A. and Keeling, J.W. 2011. Control of Palmer amaranth in GlyTol plus LibertyLink cotton. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conferences. Online. p. 1563.
  • Reed, J.D., Dotray, P.A. and Keeling, J.W. 2011. Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.) management in GlyTol Plus LibertyLink Cotton. Southern Weed Science Society. Proceedings of the Southern Weed Science Society. 64:260.
  • Dotray, P.A., Grichar, W.J., Prostko, E.P., Ferrell, J., Jordan, D.L. and Gilbert, L.V. 2011. Peanut response to fomesafen applied at different timings and rates. Abstr. Weed Science Society of America. Online. p. 12.
  • Grichar, W.J. and Dotray, P.A. 2011. Peanut cultivar response to S-metolachlor and paraquat alone and in combination. Texas Plant Protection Association. 24:34-35.
  • Dotray, P.A., Grichar, W.J. and Gilbert, L.V. 2011. Peanut response to Ignite (glufosinate) in Texas - 2010. Proceedings of the American Peanut Research and Education Society. 43:33-34.
  • Gilbert, L.V., Dotray, P.A. and Grichar, W.J. 2011. Peanut tolerance and weed control with Valor SX and Gramoxone Inteon tank mix combinations. Proceedings of the American Peanut Research and Education Society. 43:49-51.
  • Grichar, W.J. and Dotray, P.A. 2011. Peanut cultivar response to S-metolachlor and paraquat alone and in combination. Proceedings of the American Peanut Research and Education Society. 43:57-58.
  • Light, G.G., Mohammed, M.Y., Dotray, P.A., Chandler, J.M. and Wright, R.J. 2011. Glyphosate-resistant common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) confirmed in Texas. Weed Technology. 25:480-485.
  • Grichar, W.J. and Dotray, P.A. 2011. Controlling weeds found in peanut with lactofen. Online. Crop Management. doi:10.1094/CM-2011-0912-01-RS. 8 p.
  • Keeling, J.W. and Dotray, P.A. 2011. Weed Research Report. Texas AgriLife Research. 200 p.
  • Dotray, P.A. and Keeling, J.W. 2011. Importance of preplant weed control in cotton in FOCUS on South Plains Agriculture. Vol. 50, No. 3. Mar. 4. http://lubbock.tamu.edu/focus.
  • Dotray, P.A. and Keeling, J.W. 2011. Early season weed control in FOCUS on South Plains Agriculture. Vol. 50, No. 6. May 23. http://lubbock.tamu.edu/focus.
  • Morgan, G.D., Keeling, J.W. Baumann, P.A. and Dotray, P.A. 2011. Managing volunteer cotton in cotton. Texas AgriLife Extension. SCS-2011-05.
  • Morgan, G.D., Keeling, J.W., Baumann, P.A. and Dotray, P.A. 2011. Managing volunteer cotton in cotton in FOCUS on South Plains Agriculture. Vol. 50, No. 7. Jun 4. http://lubbock.tamu.edu/focus.
  • Baughman, T.A., Dotray, P.A. and Grichar, W.J. 2011. Early-season weed control in peanut in Peanut Progress. Vol. 5, Issue 1. Jun 7. 4 p. http://peanut.tamu.edu/peanut_progress/peanut_progress_archives.php.
  • Dotray, P.A. and Keeling, J.W. 2011. Local pigweed resistant to Roundup in FOCUS on South Plains Agriculture. Vol. 50, No. 15. Sep 28. http://lubbock.tamu.edu/focus.
  • Dotray, P.A., Keeling, J.W. and Baughman, T.A. 2011. Weed resistance management in peanut in Peanut Progress. Vol. 5, Issue 6. Sep 30. 4 p. http://peanut.tamu.edu/peanut_progress/peanut_progress_archives.php.


Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Producers in the Texas High Plains continue to look for effective methods to increase yields while reducing input costs and maximizing the use of rainfall and irrigation. One potential solution is conservation tillage. The development of glyphosate-tolerant cotton has improved weed control in conservation tillage. Lint cotton yield was similar in strip-tillage (1183 lb/A) when compared to conventional tillage (1169 lb/A), and was greater than yield in no-tillage (1088 lb/A). Cotton stand was 2.1 plants/ft in conventional till, 2.4 plants/ft in strip-till, and 1.9 plants/ft in no-till. Palmer amaranth was effectively controlled in all tillage systems. Although the benefit of the residual herbicides in each tillage system was not apparent, glyphosate-only systems are susceptible to the development of glyphosate-resistant weeds. In weed control systems in GlyTol plus LibertyLink cotton, Roundup PowerMax (glyphosate) or Ignite 280 (glufosinate-ammonium) alone at 1X controlled 2- to 4-inch ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea) 47 and 85 percent, respectively, 14 days after application (DAA). When these herbicides were applied at 1X in tank mixture, morningglory was controlled 78 percent. As the tank mix rate of Ignite 280 decreased, control declined. In the sequential applications experiment, Roundup PowerMax followed by (fb) Ignite 280 or Ignite 280 fb Roundup PowerMax controlled morningglory 80 and 93 percent, respectively. In other research, tank mix combinations of glyphosate and glufosinate-ammonium may be antagonistic on Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) relative to the control obtained from glyphosate applied alone; therefore, sequential applications not tank mix combinations will likely be the recommendation for weed control in this new transgenic cotton system. 2,4-D tolerant cotton may be available in the future; therefore, weed control systems using 2,4-D plus glyphosate or glufosinate-ammonium was evaluated. 2,4-D did provide significant residual activity from these tank mix combinations, and no antagonistic interactions were observed. Two generic glyphosate formulations caused unacceptable leaf necrosis, leaf drop, and yield loss relative to a branded formulation. In peanut trials, no differential varietal tolerance using OL01, OL02, OL07, and Flavorrunner 458 was observed following applications of flumioxazin preemergence or imazapic postemergence, although when averaged across herbicide treatments, varietal differences were noted. The use of flumioxazin plus paraquat preemergence provided effective weed control and excellent crop safety; however, applications made at ground crack severely injured peanut. Peanut tolerance to glufosinate-ammonium drift was investigated at two locations. All reduced rates applied at several peanut growth stages caused visible injury, and many treatments caused yield loss. Acetolactate synthase (ALS) and acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) tolerant sorghum was field tested to determine effective weed management systems and rotational crop response. Weed management systems in sesame, corn, wheat, and alfalfa were examined to determine effective weed management systems on the Texas High Plains. PARTICIPANTS: Wayne Keeling, collaborator on several projects including Cotton Incorporated - Texas State Support Committee, International Cotton Research Center, Grain Sorghum Initiative, and several projects sponsored by the agricultural chemical industry. James Grichar, Texas Peanut Producers Board, National Peanut Board, Sesaco Corporation, and several projects sponsored by the agricultural chemical industry. TARGET AUDIENCES: Target Audiences: Growers, consultants, county agents, the agricultural chemicals industry, colleagues across the state who work in cotton, peanut, sesame, sorghum, corn, wheat, alfalfa PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

Impacts
Effective weed management systems and associated net returns above weed control costs were determined in transgenic cotton systems in three different tillage systems. Successful weed management systems were identified in peanut, corn, sorghum, and sesame.

Publications

  • Jaks, A.J., W.J. Grichar, P.A. Dotray, and J. Woodward. 2010. Effect of herbicide and fungicide tank-mixes on disease and weed control in peanut. Texas Plant Protection Conference. 22:39-40.
  • Keeling, J. W. and P. A. Dotray. 2010. Weed Research Report. Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. 220 p.
  • Bloodworth, A.J., P.A. Dotray, J.W. Keeling, J.W. Johnson, and B. W. Bean. 2010. Weed management and economics in cotton tillage systems in the Texas High Plains. Abstr. Weed Science Society of America. O-268. Online at https://srm.conference-services.net/programme.aspconferenceID=1756&l anguage=en-uk
  • Dotray, P.A., J.W. Keeling, L.V. Gilbert, and J.D. Reed. 2010. Tank mix combinations of glyphosate and glufosinate in GlyTol plus LibertyLink cotton. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p.1562.
  • Grichar, W.J., D.D. Fromme, J.W. Keeling, and P.A. Dotray. 2010. Controlling volunteer cotton with PRE and POST herbicides. Proceedings of the Southern Weed Science Society. 63:32.
  • Keeling, J.W., P.A. Dotray, and J.D. Reed. 2010. Palmer amaranth management in Texas High Plains cotton. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 1536.
  • Dotray, P.A. and J.W. Keeling. 2010. Preplant weed control options. FOCUS on South Plains Agriculture. Vol. 49, No. 3. Mar. 15. http://lubbock.tamu.edu/focus.
  • Dotray, P. and W. Keeling. 2010. Preplant weed control in cotton in Gaines County IPM Newsletter. Vol III, No. 3. Mar. 30. 3 p.
  • Dotray, P.A., T.A. Baughman, and W.J. Grichar. 2010. Tips to reduce drift. The Peanut Grower. May, 18 p.
  • Dotray, P.A. 2010. Early-season weed control in Peanut Progress. Vol. 4, Issue 2. Jun 18. 4 p. http://peanut.tamu.edu/library/pdf/2010%20Newsletter2.pdf.
  • Grichar, W.J. and P.A. Dotray. 2010. Response of Texas peanut to chlorimuron alone and in various combinations. Peanut Science. 37:26-31.
  • Grichar, W.J., P.A. Dotray, and T.A. Baughman. 2010. Peanut variety response to applications of carfentrazone-ethyl and pyraflufen-ethyl. Crop Protection. 29:1034-1038.
  • Batla, M.A., J.W. Keeling, and P.A. Dotray. 2010. Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) management in second-generation glyphosate-resistant cotton. Texas Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources. 23:64-70.
  • Bloodworth, A.J., P.A. Dotray, J.W. Keeling, J.W. Johnson, L.V. Gilbert, and B.W. Bean. 2010. Palmer amaranth control and economics in cotton tillage systems in the Texas High Plains. Proceedings of the Southern Weed Science Society. 63:17.
  • Brown, B.B., J.W. Keeling, and P.A. Dotray. 2010. Weed management and sorghum response with saflufenacil. Proceedings of the Southern Weed Science Society. 63:38.
  • Dotray, P.A., L.V. Gilbert, K.T. Siders, S.A. Russell, and M.G. Cattaneo. 2010. Peanut response to flumioxazin in the Texas High Plains. Proceedings of the Southern Weed Science Society. 63:24.
  • Dotray, P.A., J.W. Keeling, L.V. Gilbert, and J.D. Reed. 2010. Strategies for using glyphosate and glufosinate in GlyTol plus LibertyLink cotton. Abstr. Weed Science Society of America. PA-26. Online at https://srm.conference-services.net/programme.aspconferenceID=1756&l anguage=en-uk
  • Bloodworth, A.J., P.A. Dotray, J.W. Keeling, L.V. Gilbert, B.W. Bean, and J.W. Johnson. 2010. Palmer amaranth control in three cotton tillage systems. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 1526.
  • Keeling, J.W., P.A. Dotray, and J.D. Reed. 2010. Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) and ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea) control in GlyTol plus LibertyLink cotton. Proceedings of the Southern Weed Science Society. 63:16.
  • Light, G.G., M.Y. Mohammed, P.A. Dotray, J.M. Chandler, and R.J. Wright. 2010. Glyphosate-resistant common waterhemp confirmed in Texas. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 1539.
  • Reed, J.D., J.W. Keeling, and P.A. Dotray. 2010. Weed efficacy and cotton tolerance to saflufenacil. Proceedings of the Southern Weed Science Society. 63:113.
  • Dotray, P.A., W.J. Grichar, and L.V. Gilbert. 2010. Peanut tolerance and weed control following fomesafen applied at different rates and timings in Texas. American Peanut Research and Education Society 42:30-31.
  • Dotray, P.A., W.J. Grichar, and L.V. Gilbert. 2010. Utility of flumioxazin in Texas Peanut. American Peanut Research and Education Society 42:41.
  • Grichar, W.J., P.A. Dotray, A.J. Jaks, and J. Woodward. 2010. Effect of herbicide and fungicide tank-mixes on disease and weed control in peanut. American Peanut Research and Education Society 42:45.


Progress 01/01/09 to 12/31/09

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Producers in the Texas High Plains continue to look for effective methods to increase yields while reducing input costs and maximizing the use of rainfall and irrigation. One potential solution is conservation tillage. The development of glyphosate-tolerant cotton has improved weed control in conservation tillage. Sixteen preplanned treatments were established in no-till, strip-till, and conventional tillage systems using various combinations of soil residual herbicides. Average cotton stand was 1.65 plants/ft in conventional till, 1.79 plants/ft in strip-till, and 1.58 plants/ft in no-till. Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) control at the end of the growing season was at least 90% in all treatments. Average lint yield was 742 lb/A in conventional till, 1051 lb/A in strip-till, and 845 lb/A in no-till. Gross returns based on lint yield were calculated by treatment in the strip-tillage system and ranged from $494.39 to $640.41. Herbicide input costs per treatment in strip-tillage ranged from $35.00 to $79.25, and net returns above weed control costs in strip-tillage ranged from $415.14 to $597.56. The benefit of the use of residual herbicides was not apparent because glyphosate-only systems were effective, but are also most vulnerable to the development of glyphosate-resistant weeds. Experiments were conducted to determine field tolerance of GlyTol plus LibertyLink cotton following applications of Roundup (glyphosate) and Ignite 280 (glufosinate ammonium). No adverse affects on plant establishment, plant height, maturity, vigor, and yield and quality were observed following any herbicide treatment. Non-crop studies suggested that a tank mix combination of glyphosate (Roundup PowerMax) plus glufosinate may be antagonistic as far as Palmer amaranth control by glyphosate. A newly-registered herbicide (saflufenacil) in sorghum and cotton was tested for crop response and weed control. This herbicide was effective on several annual broadleaf weeds. Large plot on-farm peanut studies were conducted at six locations to examine peanut tolerance to Valor. Over two years, excellent tolerance was observed in 11 of 12 studies. Differential tolerance to herbicides using four runner market types did not suggest differences in susceptibility to flumioxazin (Valor) and imazapic (Cadre), although when averaged across varieties reduced yield was observed following all Cadre rates tested. Peanut tolerance to tank mix combinations of paraquat (Gramoxone Inteon) plus Valor was tested at two growth stages. Good tolerance to this tank mix was observed. Sesame response to herbicides applied preemergence, postemergence, postemergence-directed, and at harvest was investigated. A section 18 label for use of Dual Magnum was received in 2009 and again has been requested for 2010. GAT (glyphosate and ALS tolerant) corn and soybean was examined. Excellent tolerance and weed control was observed. ALS tolerant sorghum was tested and exhibited good tolerance to many ALS-inhibiting herbicides. Castor tolerance exhibited a wide range to tolerance to soil and foliar herbicides. Wheat exhibited good tolerance to Valor applied at several growth stages. PARTICIPANTS: Wayne Keeling, Brent Bean, Todd Baughman, Jason Woodward, Dick Auld, Jane Dever, Paul Baumann, Jeff Johnson, and James Grichar TARGET AUDIENCES: Growers on the Texas High Plains, across Texas, in the Southern US, and across the Us. Also, consultants, dealers/distributors, ag chemical industry, and weed scientists across the country. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

Impacts
Effective weed management systems and the associated net returns above weed control costs were determined in transgenic cotton systems in three different tillage systems. Successful weed management systems were identified in peanut, corn, sorghum, and sesame.

Publications

  • Baughman, T., P. Dotray, W. Keeling, and P. Baumann. 2009. Successful weed management systems includes the use of dinitroaniline in Peanut Progress. Vol. 3, Issue 2. Apr 27. 4 p. http://peanut.tamu.edu/pdfs/PeanutProgress2-09.pdf.
  • Baughman, T., P. Dotray, W. Keeling, and P. Baumann. 2009. Successful weed management systems includes the use of dinitroaniline in Gaines County IPM Newsletter. Vol II, No. 5. May 6. 4 p.
  • Baughman, T., J. Woodward, and P. Dotray. 2009. Understanding the potential causes behind stand loss in Peanut Progress. Vol. 3, Issue 4. Jun 19. 4 p. http://peanut.tamu.edu/pdfs/PeanutProgress.pdfhttp://peanut.tamu.edu/ pdfs/PeanutProgress.pdf.
  • Bechere, E., D.L. Auld, P.A. Dotray, L.V. Gilbert, and H. Kebede. 2009. Imazamox tolerance in mutation-derived lines of upland cotton. Crop Science. 49:1586-1592.
  • Bechere, E., D.L. Auld, P. Dotray, and H. Kebede. 2009. Registration of four upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genetic stock mutants with tolerance to imazamox. Journal of Plant Registrations (In Press).
  • Bloodworth, A.J., P.A. Dotray, J.W. Keeling, L.V. Gilbert, B.W. Bean, and J.W. Johnson. 2009. Weed management and economics in cotton tillage systems in the Texas High Plains. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 1330.
  • Brown, B.A., J.W. Keeling, and P.A. Dotray. 2009. Sorghum tolerance and weed management with Kixor. Abstr. Weed Sci. Soc. of America. Online. No. 21.
  • Dotray, P.A., T.A. Baughman, and W.J. Grichar. 2009. Peanut response to carfentrazone-ethyl and pyraflufen-ethyl applied postemergence-topical. Peanut Science. 37:(In Press).
  • Dotray, P.A. and J.W. Keeling. 2009. Preplant weed control in cotton in FOCUS on South Plains Agriculture. Vol. 48. No. 2. p. 9-12. (http://lubbock.tamu.edu/focus/).
  • Dotray, P.A., T.A. Baughman, and J.W. Keeling. 2009. General keys to successful weed management T-Y IPM News. Vol 10, Issue 3. May 19. 2 p.
  • Dotray, P.A., T.A. Baughman, and W.J. Grichar. 2009. Reduce drift potential: Follow these recommendations to minimize drift into peanut fields. Pages 14-15 in The Peanut Grower. June.
  • Dotray, P., T. Baughman, and W. Keeling. 2009. Properly timed postemergence herbicides are most effective in Gaines County IPM Newsletter. Vol II, No. 6. Jun 5. 3 p.
  • Dotray, P.A., T.A. Baughman, and J.W. Keeling. 2009.General keys for successful weed management in field crops in Peanut Progress. Vol. 3, Issue 1. Apr 6. 4 p.http://peanut.tamu.edu/pdfs/PeanutProgress 1-09.pdf.
  • Dotray, P.A., J.W. Keeling, W.R. Perkins, C.G. Henniger, and L.V. Gilbert. 2009. Agronomic performance and herbicide efficacy in stacked glufosinate/glyphosate tolerant cotton. Abstr. Weed Sci. Soc. of America. Online. No. 100.
  • Dotray, P.A. 2009. Valor performance in Texas Peanut - A Review of 2008 in Peanut Progress. Vol. 3, Issue 2. Apr 27. 4 p. http://peanut.tamu.edu/pdfs/PeanutProgress2-09.pdf.
  • Dotray, P.A. and J.W. Keeling. 2009. Preplant weed control in cotton in Gaines County IPM Newsletter. Vol II, No. 4. March 20. 4 p.
  • Dotray, P.A. and W.J. Grichar. 2009. Is 2,4-DB still a viable option Pages 12-15 in The Peanut Grower. May.
  • Dotray, P.A. 2009. Early-season weed management is key! in Peanut Progress. Vol. 3, Issue 3. Jun 9. 4 p. http://peanut.tamu.edu/pdfs/PeanutProgress3-09.pdf.
  • Dotray, P.A. and L.V. Gilbert. 2009. Crop tolerance of herbicide resistant GlyTol plus LibertyLink Transgenic cotton at New Deal. Bayer CropScience. 3 p.
  • Dotray, P.A., J.W. Keeling, W.R. Perkins, C.G. Henniger, and L.V. Gilbert. 2009. Tolerance and efficacy using herbicide combinations in stacked glufosinate/glyphosate tolerant cotton. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 1358.
  • Dotray, P.A., L.V. Gilbert, K.T. Siders, S.A. Russell, and M.G. Cattaneo. 2009. Peanut response to flumioxazin. American Peanut Research and Education Society 41:(In press).
  • Gilbert, L.V., P.A. Dotray, E.P. Prostko, W.J. Grichar, J.A. Ferrell, and D.L. Jordan. 2009. Peanut response to fomesafen. American Peanut Research and Education Society 41:(In press).
  • Gilbert, L.V., A.J. Bloodworth, P.A. Dotray, J.W. Keeling, and B.W. Bean. 2009. Palmer amaranth control in different cotton tillage systems. Abstr. Weed Science Society of America. Online. No. 127.
  • Grichar, W.J., P.A. Dotray, and D.R. Langham. 2009. Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) response to preemergence herbicides. Crop Protection. 28:928-933.
  • Grichar, W.J. and P.A. Dotray. 2009. Weed control with lactofen. American Peanut Research and Education Society 41:(In press).
  • Grichar, W.J., D.D. Fromme, P.A. Dotray, and J.W. Keeling. 2009. Controlling volunteer cotton with postemergence herbicides. Texas Plant Protection Conference. 21:(In Press).
  • Henniger, G., T.A. Baughman, P. Baumann, R.K. Boman, P.A. Dotray, W. Keeling, R. Lemon, D. Palrang, L. Trolinder, and J. Holloway. 2009. Performance of GlyTol and GlyTol + LibertyLink cotton in Texas. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conferences. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 1357.
  • Keeling, J. W. and P. A. Dotray. 2009. Weed Research Report. Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. 296 p.
  • Light, G.G., P.A. Dotray, R.J. Wright, L.V. Gilbert, and J. Cuarezma. 2009. Determining glyphosate susceptibility in Texas populations of common waterhemp. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conferences. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 1347.
  • Light, G.G., P.A. Dotray, R.J. Wright, L.V. Gilbert, and J. Cuarezma. 2009. Evaluation of Amaranthus rudis accessions for susceptibility to glyphosate. Abstr. Weed Science Society of America. Online. No. 34.
  • Verett, K.S., J.W. Keeling, and P.A. Dotray. 2009. Cotton tolerance to propazine/glyphosate postemergence combinations. Abstr. Weed Science Society of America. Online. No. 322.
  • Verett, K.S., J.W. Keeling, and P.A. Dotray. 2009. Cotton and weed response to propazine/glyphosate postemergence combinations. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 1526.


Progress 01/01/08 to 12/31/08

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Producers in the Texas High Plains continue to look for effective methods to increase yields while reducing input costs and maximizing the use of rainfall and irrigation. One potential solution is conservation tillage. The development of glyphosate-tolerant cotton has improved weed control in conservation tillage. Sixteen preplanned treatments were established in no-till, strip-till, and conventional tillage systems using various combinations of soil residual herbicides. Average cotton stand was 2.3 plants/ft in conventional till, 2.2 plants/ft in strip-till, and 2.0 plants/ft in no-till. Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) control was excellent throughout the growing season. Average lint yield was 993 lb/A in conventional till, 1130 lb/A in strip-till, and 914 lb/A in no-till. Gross returns based on lint yield were calculated by treatment in the strip-tillage system and ranged from $502.93 to $706.76. Herbicide input costs per treatment in strip-tillage ranged from $32.94 to $83.10, and net returns above weed control costs in strip-tillage ranged from $425.83 to $652.48. The benefit of the use of residual herbicides was not apparent because two applications of glyphosate in glyphosate-tolerant cotton was extremely effective. Experiments were conducted in 2008 to determine field tolerance of GlyTolTM cotton following applications of different glyphosate formulations and in GlyTolTM plus LibertyLink cotton following applications of Roundup and Ignite 280 (glufosinate ammonium). No adverse affects on plant establishment, plant height, maturity, vigor, and yield and quality were observed following any herbicide treatment. Non-crop studies suggested that a tank mix combination of glyphosate (Roundup PowerMax) plus glufosinate ammonium may be antagonistic as far as Palmer amaranth control by glyphosate; however, this tank mix combination may improve the control of ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea) relative to either herbicide used alone. A newly-registered herbicide in sorghum (propazine) was tested as a potential tank-mix partner with glyphosate for use in glyphosate-tolerant cotton. Results in 2008 indicate no antagonism but weed control benefits were not always apparent. Differential tolerance to herbicides using two peanut market types continued in 2008 as well as peanut tolerance to paraquat (Gramoxone Inteon) plus S-metolachlor (Dual Magnum) tank mix combinations applied at several growth stages. A trend towards increased peanut injury was observed following a tank mix combination of paraquat plus S-metolachlor when compared to either herbicide applied alone at all application timings (7 to 21 days after cracking). In these studies, significant peanut injury was observed following both herbicides. Sesame tolerance to herbicides applied preemergence, postemergence, and postemergence-directed was investigated as well as using herbicides as harvest aids. Differential sesame tolerance was observed. A section 18 label for use of Dual Magnum has been requested. Castor tolerance to preemergence and postemergence herbicides was investigated in 2008 as well as crop tolerance and weed management systems in sunflower. PARTICIPANTS: Wayne Keeling, collaborator on several projects including Cotton Incorporated - Texas State Support Committee, International Cotton Research Center, and several projects sponsored by the agricultural chemicals industry; Brent Bean, Cotton Incorporated - Texas State Support Committee; Jeff Johnson, Cotton Incorporated - Texas State Support Committee, and the International Cotton Research Center; James Grichar, Texas Peanut Producers Board, National Peanut Board, and several projects sponsored by the agricultural chemicals industry; Ginger Light and Robert Wright, a projects sponsored by Cotton Incorporated - Texas State Support Committee; Todd Baughman, James mahan, AJ Bloodworth (graduate student), Brent Brown (Graduate Student), Kris Verett (Graduate Student). TARGET AUDIENCES: Growers, consultants, County Agents and County Agents-IPM in Texas, the agricultural chemicals industry, colleagues across the state who work in cotton, peanut, sesame. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

Impacts
Effective weed management systems and the associated net returns above weed control costs were determined in transgenic cotton systems in three different tillage systems. Successful weed management systems were identified in peanut and following a systems approach to weed control.

Publications

  • Grichar, W.J., P.A. Dotray, and T.A. Baughman. 2008. Yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) control and peanut tolerance to S-metolachlor and diclosulam combinations. Weed Technology. 22:442-447.
  • Joy, B.L., J.W. Keeling, and P.A. Dotray. 2008. Weed management in enhanced glyphosate-resistant cotton. Texas Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources. 21:1-13.
  • Woodward, J.E., M.A. Batla, P.A. Dotray, T.A. Wheeler, and T.A. Baughman. 2008. First report of Sclerotinia minor infecting Ipomoea hederacea and I. coccinea in Texas. Plant Disease. 92:482.
  • Keeling, J. W. and P. A. Dotray. 2008. Weed Research Report. Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. 340 p.
  • Baughman, T., P. Dotray, and C. Trostle. 2008. Early-season weed control in peanut in Peanut Progress. Vol. 2, Issue 2. Jun 12. 4 p. (http://www.texaspeanutboard.com/images/E0121801/PeanutProgressJune08 .pdf)
  • Baughman, T., P. Dotray, and J. Woodward. 2008. Herbicide Drift: Things To Consider in Peanut Progress. Vol. 2, Issue 3. Jul 3. 4 p.
  • Dotray, P.A. 2008. Mid-season weed control. Plus, an update on the challenging start to Texas' crop. p 18-19 in The Peanut Grower. July.
  • Baughman, T.A., P.A. Dotray, J.W. Woodward, L.V. Gilbert, and M.A. Batla. 2008. Effects of foliar spray products on peanut performance in Texas. American Peanut Research and Education Society 40:83-84.
  • Dotray, P.A., J.W. Keeling, B.W. Bean, and L.V. Gilbert. 2008. Strip-till, no-till, and conventional till weed management systems in the Texas Southern High Plains. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 1734.
  • Grichar, W.J., P.A. Dotray, and J. Woodward. 2008. Weed response to herbicide-fungicide combinations. American Peanut Research and Education Society 40:81-83.
  • Grichar, W.J., P.A. Dotray, L.V. Gilbert, and T.A. Baughman. 2008. Using different spray tips and spray volumes for weed control with imazapic and imazethapyr. Proceedings of the Southern Weed Science Society. 61:65.
  • Keeling, J.W., K.S. Verett, J.D. Everitt, and P.A. Dotray. 2008. Propazine/glyphosate postemergence combinations in Roundup Ready Flex cotton. Proceedings of the Southern Weed Science Society. 61:38.
  • Lemon, R.G., T.A. Baughman, P.A. Baumann, R.K. Boman, P.A. Dotray, J.W. Keeling, M.S. Kelley, D.A. Mott, M. Matocha, L. Gilbert, V. Saladino, and J.D. Everitt. 2008. Agronomic performance of Bayer CropScience GlyTol Glyphosate resistant cotton. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 156-157.
  • Schwertner, M.H., P.A. Dotray, J.W. Keeling, B.W. Bean, J.W. Johnson, and L.V. Gilbert. 2008. Weed management in strip-tillage cotton. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 1698-1699.
  • Verett, K.S., J.W. Keeling, P.A. Dotray, and J.D. Everitt. 2008. Cotton and weed response to propazine/glyphosate postemergence combinations. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 1697.
  • Grichar, W.J., P.A. Dotray, and E.P. Prostko. 2008. Using diclosulam for yellow (Cyperus esculentus) and purple (Cyperus rotundus) nutsedge control in peanut in Crop Rotation. Yaram U. Berklian ed. Nova Science Publishers, Inc. pp. 123-140.
  • Dotray, P.A., W.R. Perkins, and L.V. Gilbert. 2008. Weed management in LibertyLink cotton: the first four years. Abstr. Weed Science Society of America. On-line.
  • Dotray, P.A., W.J. Grichar, T.A. Baughman, and L.V. Gilbert. 2008. Peanut response to paraquat and S-metolachlor applied in tank mix combinations. American Peanut Research and Education Society 40:63-65.
  • Dotray, P.A., J.W. Keeling, B.W. Bean, and L.V. Gilbert. 2008. Weed control in cotton in strip-tillage, no-tillage, and conventional tillage systems in the Texas High Plains. Proceedings of the Southern Weed Science Society. 61:31.
  • Gilbert, L.V., P.A. Dotray, W.J. Grichar, and T.A. Baughman. 2008. Peanut response to different application timings of paraquat dichloride and S-metolachlor tank mix combinations. Proceedings of the Southern Weed Science Society. 61:24.
  • Batla, M.A., J.E. Woodward, P.A. Dotray, and T.A. Baughman. 2008. Infection of two Ipomoea spp. By Sclerotinia minor. Phytopathology 98:S210.


Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07

Outputs
OUTPUTS: The number of strip-tillage production acres on the Texas High Plains increased over the past five years to help compensate for the increasing cost of energy, to help conserve water, for soil erosion control, and to help protect tender cotton seedlings from wind damage. Several studies were conducted in 2007 to investigate profitable and effective weed management systems using strip-tillage, no-tillage, and conventional tillage production systems. Cotton stand and yield was superior in strip-tillage compared to no-tillage systems, but strip-tillage was inferior to conventional tillage. The benefit of the use of residual herbicides was not apparent because two applications of glyphosate in glyphosate-tolerant (Roundup Ready Flex) cotton was extremely effective. However, for resistance management, tillage and the use of herbicides with different modes of actions will help delay/prevent the development of herbicide resistant weeds. A three year site-specific weed control study in cotton and peanut concluded in 2007. This study involved the use of a light-activated weed sprayer, mapping weeds in real time at all postemergence application timings, and the use of a computer-based decision support system to help select herbicide inputs. Although the variable applications saved anywhere from 30 to 85% on herbicide solution, less effective weed control was observed using a light-activated weed sprayer compared to a broadcast sprayer. A new glyphosate-tolerant system (GlyTol) was examined in a regulated trial near New Deal. Excellent cotton tolerance to several glyphosate formulations was observed. This technology will be stacked with glyphosate and glufosinate tolerance for testing in 2008. A newly-registered herbicide in sorghum (propazine) was tested as a potential tank-mix partner with glyphosate for use in glyphosate-tolerant cotton. Results in 2007 indicate no antagonism but weed control benefits were not apparent. Other cotton studies using glufosinate-tolerant cotton (LibertyLink cotton) was tested in an ivyleaf morningglory-infested field. Weed management systems using Ignite were very effective, but weed size at application, increased carrier volume, and thorough spray coverage was critical. Differential tolerance to herbicides using two peanut market types continued in 2007 as well as peanut tolerance to paraquat plus metolachlor tank mix combinations applied at several growth stages. There was a difference in peanut tolerance based on differential rates and time of application. In general, early applications at the lowest labeled rate were best. Peanut tolerance to lactofen was examined in 2007. In these studies, bentazon did not safen lactofen-induced peanut injury. Carrier volume and spray tip selection was studied using imazapic and imazethapyr in peanut. Sesame tolerance to herbicides applied preemergence, postemergence, and postemergence-directed was investigated as well as using herbicides as harvest aids. Differential sesame tolerance was observed. PARTICIPANTS: Wayne Keeling, collaborator on several projects including Texas State Support Committee project, International Cotton Research Center project, and several projects sponsored by the agricultural chemicals industry; Brent Bean, collaborator on the Texas State Support Committee project and the International Cotton Research Center project; James Grichar, Co-PI on projects funded by the National Peanut Board and the Texas Peanut Producers Board. Texas Tech University, Texas AgriLife Research (Lubbock, Amarillo, Beeville) and Texas AgriLife Extension Service (Lubbock, Amarillo, Vernon). Paul Baumann, Todd Baughman, James Mahan, Ginger Light. Matt Schwertner (graduate student), Brent Brown (graduate student), AJ Bloodworth (graduate student), Kris Verett (graduate student), cotton and peanut growers, consultants, dealers, and distributors in district Texas Tech University students in PSS 5324. TARGET AUDIENCES: Growers, consultants, and the agricultural chemicals industry in the Texas Southern High Plains, as well and County Agents in district 2 PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: None

Impacts
Effective weed management systems and the associated net returns above weed control costs were determined in transgenic cotton systems and a number to tillage systems. Successful weed management systems were confirmed in peanut following a systems approach to weed control.

Publications

  • Grey, T.L., P.A. Dotray, and W.J. Grichar. 2007. Soil and residual herbicide affect on peanut seedling development. Peanut Science 34:65-70.
  • Grichar, W.J. and P.A. Dotray. 2007. Weed control and sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) response to preplant incorporated herbicides and method of incorporation. Crop Protection. 26:1826-1830.
  • Grichar, W.J. and P.A. Dotray. 2007. Control of volunteer peanut (Arachis hypogaea) with cotton herbicides. Peanut Science 34:109-113.
  • Keeling, J. W. and P. A. Dotray. 2007. Weed Research Report,2007. Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. 447p.
  • Baughman, T., J. Woodward, and P. Dotray. 2007. Peanut Progress. Vol. 1, Issue 1. May 21. 4 p. http://peanut.tamu.edu/pdfs/PeanutProgress.pdf.
  • Baughman, T.A.(Editor), P.A. Dotray(Co-Editor), J. Grichar, M. Black, J. Woodward, C. Trostle, S. Russell, C. Crumly, P. Porter, L. Hew, P. Baumann, M. McFarland. 2007. Texas Peanut Production guide. 57 pages. http://peanut.tamu.edu/pdfs/productionguide07.pdf.
  • Dotray, P.A. 2007. Keys to successful weed management. The Peanut Grower. June issue, page 16-18.
  • Baughman, T., J. Woodward, C. Trostle, and P. Dotray. 2007. Peanut Progress. Vol. 1, Issue 2. Jun 6. 4 p. http://peanut.tamu.edu/pdfs/PeanutProgress.pdf.
  • Baughman, T., J. Woodward, and P. Dotray. 2007. Peanut Progress. Vol. 1, Issue 3. Jul 20. 4 p. http://peanut.tamu.edu/pdfs/PeanutProgress.pdf.
  • Dotray, P.A. 2007. Weeds. Cotton Resource DVD, coordinated by R.L. Lemon and R.K. Boman. http://lubbock.tamu.edu/cottondvd.
  • Dotray, P.A., W.J. Grichar, T.A. Baughman, E.P. Prostko, T.L. Grey, and L.V. Gilbert. 2007. Tolerance and weed control with Cobra in Texas and Georgia peanut. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society. 60:58.
  • Dotray, P.A., W.J. Grichar, T.A. Baughman, and L.V. Gilbert. 2007. Does Basagran safen peanut injury from Cobra? American Peanut Research and Education Society 39:79-80.
  • Batla, M.A., J.W. Keeling, P.A. Dotray, and J.D. Everitt. 2007. Weed management and competition in Roundup Ready Flex cotton with residual herbicides. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 1241.
  • Batla, M.A., J.W. Keeling, P.A. Dotray, and J.D. Everitt. 2007. Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) competition and management in Roundup Ready Flex cotton. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society. 60:70.
  • Dotray, P.A., W.R. Perkins, J.R. Mahan, and L.V. Gilbert. 2007. Glufosinate-tolerant Cotton: What have we learned in three years of commercial use on the Texas Southern High Plains? Proceedings World Cotton Research Conference IV. (In Press).
  • Bechere, E., D.L. Auld, P.A. Dotray, and L.V. Gilbert. 2007. Development of Clearfield cotton through chemical mutagenesis. Proceedings World Cotton Research Conference IV. (In Press).
  • Ford, A.J., P.A. Dotray, J.W. Keeling, J.B. Wilkerson, and L.V. Gilbert. 2007. Site-specific weed management in cotton using WebHADSSTM. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 1828.
  • Ford, A.J., P.A. Dotray, J.W. Keeling, J.B. Wilkerson, and L.V. Gilbert. 2007. Site-specific weed management in peanut using WebHADSS. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society. 60:75.
  • Gilbert, L.V., P.A. Dotray, and R. Perkins. 2007. The use of Ignite under rescue conditions. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society. 60:57.
  • Grichar, W.J. and P.A. Dotray. 2007. Sesame tolerance to PRE and POST herbicides. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society. 60:26.
  • Grichar, W.J., P.A. Dotray, and T.A. Baughman. 2007. Weed control when applying Cadre and Pursuit using different spray tips and carrier spray volumes. American Peanut Research and Education Society 39:35-36.
  • Grichar, W.J., P.A. Dotray, and T.A. Baughman. 2007. Weed control when applying Cadre and Pursuit using different spray tips and carrier spray volumes. Texas Plant Protection Conference. 19:38-39.
  • Robinson, H.R., C.H. Koger, J.W. Wilcut, P.A. Dotray, J.B. Wilkerson, P.B. Allen, D.H. Poston, T.E. Evans, T.W. Eubank, and J.B. Blessitt. 2007. Site-specific weed management in cotton and corn. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society. 60:48.
  • Schwertner, M.H., P.A. Dotray, J.W. Keeling, B. Bean, and L.V. Gilbert. 2007. Weed management in strip-till cotton. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p.554.
  • Schwertner, M.H., P.A. Dotray, J.W. Keeling, B. Bean, and L.V. Gilbert. 2007. Strip-till cotton: Weed management and economics. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society. 60:1.


Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06

Outputs
The number of strip-tilled cotton acres on the Texas High Plains has increased over the past few years to compensate for high energy costs, conserve water, and for soil erosion control. Studies were conducted in 2006 to investigate profitable and effective weed management systems. The use of dinitroaniline herbicides followed by glyphosate in glyphosate-tolerant cotton was cost effective. Site-specific weed control continues to be examined on the Texas High Plains because current practices rely on herbicides applied uniformly across an entire field even though it has been observed that weeds are patchy in distribution. This patchy distribution is ideal for real-time, site-specific weed management. For site-specific applications, a light-activated weed-sensing sprayer was linked to a data logger and global positioning system to simultaneously spray and map weeds. A computer-based decision support system was used to help select weed management inputs. Our objective was to determine if effective weed control can be achieved while reducing herbicide inputs. Although the variable applications saved approximately 30 to 50% on overall herbicide use, less effective weed control was observed using a light-activated weed sprayer. Weed maps were created after applications to compare weed population changes over time. Similar experiments were conducted in peanut. Additional cotton studies were conducted to examine the efficacy of glufosinate (Ignite) in LibertyLink cotton when applied under rescue conditions. Glufosinate systems have been shown to effectively control several weeds including Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) when applications were made to small weeds. Our objective was to examine glufosinate efficacy on larger weeds. Once Palmer amaranth size exceeded the label recommendation (4 inches), it was difficult to achieve effective control. Carrier volume, spray tip selection, and pH buffers were examined to determine their influence on glufosinate activity. The benefit of residual herbicides in several transgenic (Roundup Ready Flex and LibertyLink) and nontransgenic cotton systems were evaluated in 2006. Although sequential postemergence (non-residual) herbicides were often as effective as the use of residual herbicides, weed resistance strategies favor the use of additional modes of action to control weeds. Differential peanut varietal tolerance to herbicides has been observed and studies continued in 2006. Peanut tolerance to lactofen (Cobra) was examined across Texas and Georgia. In 9 tests in 2005 and 2006, lactofen did stunt and bronze peanut leaves at all locations, but a yield reduction was noted at only one location. Peanut tolerance to a new pendimethalin formulation surface applied and incorporated by overhead irrigation was examined in 2006. Our results over two years suggest that Prowl H2O may be safely used in peanut. Sesame tolerance to herbicides applied postemergence-directed was investigated in 2006 as well as using herbicides as harvest aids. Differential sesame tolerance was observed. Greenhouse studies continued to examine the peanut varietal tolerance to different soil applied herbicides using different soils.

Impacts
Effective weed management systems and competitive net returns above weed control costs were confirmed in LibertyLink, Roundup Ready, and conventional cotton systems. Successful weed control was confirmed in peanut following a systems approach to weed management.

Publications

  • Mahan, J.R., P.A. Dotray, G.G. Light, and K.R. Dawson. 2006. Thermal dependence on bioengineered glufosinate resistance in cotton. Weed Science 54:1-5.
  • Grichar, W.J., B.A. Besler, and P.A. Dotray. 2006. Weed control and peanut (Arachis hypogaea) response to sulfentrazone. Crop Protection 25:753-757.
  • Keeling, J. W. and P. A. Dotray. 2006. Weed Research Report. Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. 265 p.
  • Dotray, P., W. Keeling, T. Baughman, P. Baumann, R. Boman, and R. Lemon. 2006. How will Roundup Ready Flex cotton change my weed management decisions? Focus on Entomology Crop Production Guide Series. S18-5/06. 6 p. http://lubbock.tamu.edu/focus/Off_Season/FlexCotton/RoundupReadyFlexC otton.pdf.
  • Burgos, N., S. Culpepper, P. Dotray, A. Kendig, J. Wilcut, and R. Nichols. 2006. Managing herbicide resistance in cotton cropping systems. Cotton Incorporated. 4 p.
  • Dotray, P.A. and J.W. Keeling. 2006. Transgenic cotton: Where we are and where we are going? Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 2251.
  • Dotray, P.A, W.J. Grichar, T.A. Baughman, and L.V. Gilbert. 2006. Tolerance and weed control following Aim and ET in peanut. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society. 59:7.
  • Dotray, P.A. W.J. Grichar, and T.A. Baughman. 2006. Weed control in peanut with reduced herbicide rates. Abstr. Weed Science Society of America 46:12.
  • Dotray, P.A., W.J. Grichar, T.A. Baughman, E.P. Prostko, and L.V. Gilbert. 2006. Peanut response and weed control with Cobra. American Peanut Research and Education Society 38:62-63.
  • Batla, M.A., J.W. Keeling, P.A. Dotray, and J.D. Everitt. 2006. Ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea) control strategies in Roundup Ready Flex cotton. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 2217.
  • Ford, A.J., P.A. Dotray, J.W. Keeling, J.B. Wilkerson, and L.V. Gilbert. 2006. Site-specific weed management using HADSS. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society. 59:4.
  • Gilbert, L.V., P.A. Dotray, J.W. Keeling, and J.D. Everitt. 2006. Weed management in LibertyLink cotton. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 2209.
  • Gilbert, L.V., P.A. Dotray, J.W. Keeling, and J.D. Everitt. 2006. The value of residual herbicides in LibertyLink cotton. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society. 59:38.
  • Grey, T.L., P.A. Dotray, and W.J. Grichar. 2006. Soil and residual herbicide affect on peanut (Arachis hypogaea) seedling development. American Peanut Research and Education Society 38:63.
  • Grichar, W.J. and P.A. Dotray. 2006. Control of volunteer peanut (Arachis hypogaea) in cotton with herbicides. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 2204-2207.
  • Batla, M.A., J.W. Keeling, P.A. Dotray, and J.D. Everitt. 2006. Management systems for ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea) in Roundup Ready Flex cotton. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society. 59:2.
  • Ford, A.J., P.A. Dotray, J.W. Keeling, J.B. Wilkerson, and L.V. Gilbert. 2006. Site-specific postemergence weed management in cotton. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 2216.
  • Grichar, W.J. and P.A. Dotray. 2006. Using herbicides to control volunteer peanut (Arachis hypogaea) in cotton. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society. 59:8.
  • Jordan, D.L., N.R. Burgos, J.M. Chandler, P.A. Dotray, J.L. Griffin, G.E. MacDonald, D.S. Murray, J.R. Norsworthy, A. Rankins, Jr., R. Smeda, D.H. Teem, W.K. Vencill, J.W. Wilcut, and W.W. Witt. 2006. Courses and subject matter taught in the southern region related to weed management. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society. 59:243.
  • Keeling, J.W., P.A. Dotray, and J.D. Everitt. 2006. Importance of residual herbicides in Roundup Ready and LibertyLink systems. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society. 59:222.
  • Keeling, J.W., B.L. Joy, J.D. Everitt, and P.A. Dotray. 2006. Management and competition in Roundup Ready Flex cotton. Abstr. Weed Science Society of America 46:6.
  • Light, G.G., P.A. Dotray, and D.L. Auld. 2006. Development and implementation of web-based agriculture curriculum. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society. 59:246.


Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05

Outputs
Weed control and profitability in glyphosate (Roundup) or glufosinate (Ignite) tolerant cotton weed management systems were compared to conventional cotton systems at several locations in 2005. This concluded a three study on efficacy and profitability. Additional studies were conducted to examine the efficacy of Ignite in LibertyLink cotton. Ignite systems effectively controlled Palmer amaranth, devils-claw, silverleaf nightshade, and ivyleaf morningglory in-season and several perennial weeds were controlled by Ignite following preplant burndown applications. Carrier volume, spray tip selection, and weed size are important parameters to the success of an Ignite application. The benefit of residual herbicides in several transgenic and nontransgenic systems were evaluated in 2005. Studies were conducted to examine the tolerance of Roundup Ready Flex cotton to increased glyphosate rates and to postemergence applications made after the four leaf growth stage. Complete cotton tolerance was observed. Control of perennial and difficult-to-control annual broadleaf weeds will improve with this technology, although increased selection pressure for glyphosate resistant weeds is a major concern. Site specific weed management in cotton continued in 2005. A hooded sprayer equipped with sensors did not control weeds as effectively as the traditional hooded application, although herbicide savings were as great as 75% following some applications. Weed maps were created after applications to compare weed populations over the course of a growing season and over seasons. Similar experiments were conducted in peanut. Peanut varietal tolerance to several herbicides was conducted in 2005. Peanut injury was dependent on herbicide selection and rate applied, although varietal differences in runner-type peanut were noted. Tolerance and economics of replanted cotton or Spanish peanut were evaluated after cotton was lost due to wind, hail, seedling disease, or herbicide. Dual Magnum, Staple, and Staple plus Caparol applied preemergence to cotton adversely affected replanted peanut or cotton. Replant crops were more tolerant following tillage compared to no-tilled plots. Peanut tolerance to AIM and ET was evaluated in 2005 for the second year. Our data suggests that tolerance is greater early and late season compared to mid season applications. Peanut tolerance to dinitroaniline herbicides applied preemergence followed by water incorporation was evaluated for the third and final year in 2005. Tolerance to dinitroaniline herbicides following different mechanical incorporations also was examined. Weed control and crop tolerance were evaluated in Roundup Ready alfalfa. Complete tolerance and excellent weed control were observed. Sesame tolerance to dinitroaniline herbicides applied preplant, herbicides applied preemergence and postemergence, and the effectiveness of desiccants were evaluated at different locations. Severe injury and yield loss was noted following many herbicide applications. Greenhouse studies continued to examine the effectiveness of herbicide enhancers applied in tank mix with various rates of glyphosate, glufosinate, and atrazine.

Impacts
Effective weed management systems and competitive net returns above weed control costs were confirmed in LibertyLink, Roundup Ready, and conventional cotton systems. Successful weed control was confirmed in peanut following a systems approach to weed management.

Publications

  • Allen, V. G., C. P. Brown, R. Kellison, E. Segarra, T. Wheeler, P. A. Dotray, J. C. Conkwright, C. J. Green, and V. Acosta-Martinez. 2005. Integrating cotton and beef production to reduce water withdrawal from the Ogallala aquifer in the Southern High Plains. Agronomy Journal. 97:556-567.


Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04

Outputs
Weed control and profitability of weed management systems containing glyphosate (Roundup) or glufosinate (Ignite) tolerant cotton were compared to conventional cotton systems at irrigated and dryland locations. Additional studies were conducted to examine the efficacy of Ignite in LibertyLink cotton. Ignite systems effectively controlled Palmer amaranth, devils-claw, silverleaf nightshade, and ivyleaf morningglory in-season and several perennials weeds were controlled preplant. The use of residual herbicides in several transgenic and nontransgenic systems were evaluated in 2004. We observed a thermal dependence of the target site enzyme for glufosinate (glutamine synthetase) and the enzyme responsible for the rapid metabolism in LibertyLink cotton (phosphinothricin acetyl transferase). Studies were conducted to examine the tolerance of Roundup Ready Flex cotton to increased glyphosate rates and to postemergence applications made after the four leaf growth stage and complete cotton tolerance was observed. Peanut varietal tolerance to several herbicides was conducted at several locations. Peanut injury was more dependent on the herbicide applied rather than the variety selected, although varietal differences in runner-type peanut were noted. Weed management systems using reduced herbicide rates were evaluated with the hopes of maintaining effective weed control with reduced herbicide inputs. Reduced rates of imazethapyr or imazapic plus bentazon, acifluofen, or 2,4-DB were effective at controlling ivyleaf morningglory whereas reduced rates of imazapic plus metolachlor were effective at controlling yellow nutsedge. Tolerance and economics of replanted cotton or Spanish peanut was evaluated after the initial cotton failed due to wind, hail, or seedling disease. Dual Magnum and Staple alone and in premix with Caparol applied preemergence to cotton adversely affected replanted peanut or cotton. Replant crops were more tolerant following tillage compared to no-tilled plots. Peanut tolerance to AIM and ET was evaluated in light of the pending label these herbicides may receive. Our data suggests that tolerance is greater both early and late season while mid season injury was most apparent. Weed control and crop tolerance were evaluated in Roundup Ready alfalfa. Complete tolerance and excellent weed control were observed. Sharppod morning was found on the Texas High Plains for the first time in 2004 and initial studies were conducted to examine weed management systems in peanut. No system provided control of this perennial morningglory greater than 50%. Sesame tolerance to dinitroaniline herbicide applied preplant and several herbicides applied preemergence and postemergence was evaluated at different locations. Severe injury and yield loss was noted following most herbicide applications. Greenhouse studies were initiated to test herbicide enhancers mixed with varying rates of glyphosate, glufosinate, and atrazine. There appears to be some enhancers that increase the activity of glufosinate when applied at low rates. Greenhouse studies were conducted to confirm the tolerance of 2,4-D and imazamox in transgenic cotton.

Impacts
Successful weed management systems in LibertyLink cotton were confirmed at several locations infested with numerous annual and perennial grass and broadleaf weeds. Net returns above weed control costs in a LibertyLink system were comparable to a Roundup Ready cotton system and were greater than a conventional cotton system. Effective weed management systems in peanut were observed following reduced herbicide rates using several postemergence herbicide combinations. Crop tolerance of Roundup Ready Flex cotton, Roundup Ready alfalfa, and 2,4-D and ALS resistant cotton was confirmed in field and greenhouse experiments.

Publications

  • Dotray, P., T. Baughman, P. Baumann, and W. Keeling. 2004. Benefits of a Preemergence Herbicide Program. Focus on Entomology Crop Production Guide Series. S6-05/04. 3 p.
  • Dotray, P., T. Baughman, P. Baumann, and W. Keeling. 2004. Early Postemergence Weed Control Options. Focus on Entomology Crop Production Guide Series. S5-05/04. 4 p.
  • Dotray, P., T. Baughman, P. Baumann, and W. Keeling. 2004. Mid-Season Weed Control in Cotton and Peanut. Focus on Entomology Crop Production Guide Series. S9-06/04. 3 p.
  • Dotray, P., T. Baughman, P. Baumann, and W. Keeling. 2004. Late Season Weed Control in Cotton and Peanut. Focus on Entomology Crop Production Guide Series. S11-08/04. 3 p.
  • Dotray, P., T. Baughman, P. Baumann, and W. Keeling. 2004. Pre-Harvest Weed Control in Cotton and Peanut. Focus on Entomology Crop Production Guide Series. S12-09/04. 3 p.
  • Dotray, P., T. Baughman, P. Baumann, and W. Keeling. 2004. Postharvest Weed Control. Focus on Entomology Crop Production Guide Series. S13-11/04. 2 p.
  • Dotray, P. A. 2004. Weed Research at Western Peanut Growers Research Farm. 2 p.
  • Bean, B. and P. Dotray. 2004. Alfalfa weed control options. Texas Cooperative Extension. 4 p.
  • Baughman, T.A., P.A. Dotray, K.M. McCormick, J.C. Reed, and J.W. Keeling. 2004. The effects of application timing and spray additives on glufosinate performance. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 2894.
  • Baughman, T.A. and P.A. Dotray. 2004. Spanish peanut recrop tolerance to herbicides applied preemergence to cotton. American Peanut Research and Education Society. 36:31-32.
  • Braden, Z.H., J.W. Keeling, L.L. Lyon, and P.A. Dotray. 2004. Crop tolerance and weed management in Roundup Ready alfalfa. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society 57:247.
  • Lyon, L.L., J.W. Keeling, and P.A. Dotray. 2004. Effects of Roundup drift on non-Roundup Ready cotton. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conferences p. 2901.
  • Lyon, L.L., J.W. Keeling, and P.A. Dotray. 2004. Glyphosate drift on irrigated and dryland cotton. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society 57:25-26.
  • Lyon, L.L., P.A. Dotray, J.W. Keeling, and K.M. McCormick. 2004. Tolerance and economics of Spanish peanut to soil-applied cotton herbicides after crop failure. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society 57:47.
  • McCormick, D.M., P.A. Dotray, J.W. Keeling, T.A. Baughman, E. Segarra, and R. Perkins. 2004. Economic comparison of Liberty-tolerant cotton. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 2896.
  • McCormick, D.M., P.A. Dotray, T.A. Baughman, J.W. Keeling, and W.J. Grichar. 2004. Tolerance and weed control in peanut. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society 57:294.
  • Dotray, P.A., T.A. Baughman, J.W. Keeling, K.M. McCormick, and J.C. Reed. 2004. Staple use in Liberty- and Roundup-tolerant cotton. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 2913.
  • Dotray, P.A., T.A. Baughman, K.M. McCormick, and J.W. Keeling. 2004. Cotton weed management systems with Ignite. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society 57:29-30.
  • Dotray, P.A., T.A. Baughman, and W.J. Grichar. 2004. Herbicide reduced rates for weed control in peanut. American Peanut Research and Education Society. 36:32.
  • Dotray, P.A., K.M. McCormick, T.A. Baughman, J.W. Keeling, and J.R. Mahan. 2004. Weed management and thermal dependence of resistance in glufosinate tolerant cotton. Proc. Western Society of Weed Science 57:21.
  • Grichar, W.J., P.A. Dotray, and T.A. Baughman. 2004. Peanut weed control in the Southwest - An overview. American Peanut Research and Education Society. 36:39.
  • Hans, S., D. Jordan, R. Brandenburg, B. Royals, B. Shew, J. Bailey, V. Curtis, A. York, J. Wilcut, J. Beam, E. Prostko, S. Culpepper, T. Grey, C. Johnson, III, R. Kemerait, J. Grichar, T. Baughman, P. Dotray, B. Brecke, G. MacDonald, and J. Tredaway-Ducar. 2004. A compatibility guide for applying agrichemicals to peanut. American Peanut Research and Education Society. 36:72-73.
  • Joy, B.L., J.W. Keeling, J.D. Everitt, and P.A. Dotray. 2004. Application timings and rates in Roundup Ready Flex cotton. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society 57:254.
  • Keeling, W., B. Joy, J. Everitt, L. Lyon, and P. Dotray. 2004. Annual and perennial weed management in Roundup Ready Flex cotton. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 2921.
  • McCormick, D.M., P.A. Dotray, J.W. Keeling, T.A. Baughman, E. Segarra, and W.R. Perkins. 2004. Efficacy and economics of glufosinate-tolerant cotton. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society 57:32.
  • Peters, D.A., P.A. Dotray, and J.W. Keeling. 2004. Light activated sprayer: Is it worth the cost? Proc Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 2891-2892.
  • Grichar, W. J., R. G. Lemon, P. A. Dotray, and B. A. Besler. 2004. Control of Problem Weeds and Net Returns with Herbicide Programs in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Inderjit (ed.) Principles and Practices in Weed Management: Weed Biology and Weed Management. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. pp. 485-515.
  • Dotray, P.A. (Editor) 2004. Proceedings of the Southern Weed Science Society. ISSN: 0362-4463. 617 p.
  • Mahan, J. R., P. A. Dotray, and G. G. Light. 2004. Thermal dependence of enzyme inhibition: Implications for herbicide efficiency and tolerance. Physiologia Plantarum. 120:187-195.
  • Lyon, L. L., J. W. Keeling, and P. A. Dotray. 2004. Evaluation and adaptation of the HADSS computer program in Texas High Plains cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Weed Technology. 18:315-324.
  • Lemon, R., T. Baughman, R. Boman, P. Dotray, and P. Baumann. 2004. LibertyLink Cotton System. Texas Cooperative Extension. 2 p.
  • Dotray, P., W. Keeling, T. Baughman, M. McCormick, J. Everitt, and L. Lyon. 2004. Spanish peanut recrop tolerance to preemergence cotton herbicides after cotton failure. Western Peanut Growers Research Report. 2 p.
  • Dotray, P., T. Baughman, W. Keeling, and M. McCormick. 2004. Differential varietal tolerance to Valor applied preemergence and Strongarm and Cadre applied postemergence. Western Peanut Growers Research Report. 3 p.
  • Dotray, P., W. Keeling, T. Baughman, and M. McCormick. 2004. Control of volunteer Spanish peanut with cotton herbicides. Western Peanut Growers Research Report. 2 p.
  • Dotray, P., W. Keeling, T. Baughman, and M. McCormick. 2004. Control of Russian thistle preplant in peanut. Western Peanut Growers Research Report. 2 p.
  • Dotray, P., T. Baughman, and W. Keeling. 2004. General Keys for Successful Weed Management in Field Crops. Focus on Entomology Crop Production Guide Series. S4-05/04. 3 p.
  • Dotray, P., T. Baughman, P. Baumann, and W. Keeling. 2004. Successful Weed Management Systems Include the Use of Dinitroaniline Herbicides. Focus on Entomology Crop Production Guide Series. S5-05/04. 2 p.


Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03

Outputs
Cotton varieties containing the bialaphos resistance gene (BAR gene) that expresses tolerance to glufosinate (Ignite) herbicide were tested at several locations. Excellent cotton tolerance to glufosinate was observed in all FaberMax lines tested. Weed management and economics using Ignite in LibertyLink cotton were compared to Roundup Ready and non-transgenic cotton weed management systems. Roundup Ready cotton was most effective and economical in 2003. Ignite efficacy applied at different rates to weeds from 2- to 12-inches in size or Ignite applied with several spray additives were investigated. Effective Palmer amaranth and lanceleaf sage control was observed when applications were made to weeds less than 4-inches in size whereas ivyleaf morningglory and common cocklebur was sensitive to Ignite regardless of weed size at application. With few exceptions, spray additives did not improve Ignite efficacy. Ammonium sulfate may help Ignite activity when weeds are stressed and when applications are made to weeds 10-inches or larger. In the lab, the phosphinothricin acetyl transferase (PAT) enzyme (from the BAR gene), which detoxifies glufosinate into an inactive acetylated derivative, and glutamine synthetase (GS), the target enzyme, were isolated. The thermal dependencies of the Km of PAT for glufosinate and the inhibition constant of glufosinate for GS have been determined. The kinetics of both enzymes are thermally dependent over the range of environmental temperatures at which the herbicide is applied in a production environment. In peanut, ivyleaf morningglory and purple nutsedge was controlled with reduced rates of imazapic, diclosulam, and metolachlor applied postemergence. Spanish peanut and cotton tolerance was investigated after the failure of an initial cotton planting and use of preemergence herbicides. Metolachlor and pyrithiobac caused visible injury to peanut early season, but no injury was apparent by the end of the season. Metolachlor caused significant visible injury to cotton and yield loss was observed at harvest. An economical analysis suggested that cotton planted after cotton failure (hail) was more profitable than replanting Spanish peanut after cotton failure, unless metolachlor herbicide was used. Weed control and peanut tolerance was investigated using different flumioxazin formulations and rates. Some formulations were more injurious than others. Weed control and cotton tolerance was investigated using glyphosate in Roundup Ready cotton and Roundup Ready alfalfa. Excellent crop tolerance and weed control was observed. Non-transgenic cotton and sorghum tolerance to glyphosate drift was observed in several studies. In cotton, early season injury tended to overestimate yield loss, whereas late season injury was underestimated. Sorghum is very sensitive to glyphosate drift.

Impacts
Excellent cotton tolerance to glufosinate (Ignite) was observed in all FaberMax lines tested. Why? The thermal dependencies of the Km of PAT (phosphinothricin acetyl transferase, which detoxifies glufosinate into an inactive acetylated derivative) has been determined. The kinetics are thermally dependent over the range of environmental temperatures at which the herbicide is applied in a production environment. Weed management and economics using Ignite in LibertyLink cotton were compared to the use of glyphosate (Roundup) in Roundup Ready cotton and pyrithiobac + MSMA in non-transgenic cotton. Economics favored the Roundup Ready cotton system in 2003. An economical analysis comparing replanting cotton or Spanish peanut after cotton failure due to weather (wind, hail, sandblasting, etc.) indicated that cotton was more profitable than replanting Spanish peanut in 2003.

Publications

  • Dotray, P A., Peters, D.A., Keeling, J.W., Murphree, T.A., Wilkerson, J.B. and Masten, B.R. 2003. Weed management by precision application. Abstr. Weed Science Society of America. 43:16-17.
  • Everitt, J.D., Keeling, J.W., Lyon, L.L. and Dotray, P.A. 2003. Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) and devils-claw (Proboscidea louisianica) control with Staple/glyphosate combinations in Roundup Ready cotton. Proc Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 2262.
  • Everitt, J.D., Keeling, J.W., Lyon, L.L., and Dotray, P.A. 2003. Annual weed control systems using pyrithiobac/glyphosate combinations. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society 56:290.
  • Keeling, J.W., Baughman, T.A., Everitt, J.D., Lyon, L.L. and Dotray, P.A. 2003. Tolerance and weed management in Roundup Ready Flex cotton. Proc Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 2244.
  • Keeling, J.W., Baughman, T.A., Everitt, J.D., Lyon, L.L. and Dotray, P.A. 2003. Tolerance and weed management in Roundup Ready Flex cotton. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society 56:9.
  • Lyon, L.L., Keeling, J.W., Baughman, T.A., Osborne, T.S. and Dotray, P.A. 2003. Response of Non-Roundup Ready Cotton to simulated drift rates of Roundup UltraMax. Proc Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 2238-2239.
  • Lyon, L.L., Keeling, J.W., Baughman, T.A., Osborne, T.S. and Dotray, P.A. 2003. Non-glyphosate tolerant cotton response to simulated drift rates of glyphosate. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society 56:14-15.
  • Lyon, L.L., Keeling, J.W., Bean, B.W., Rowland, M.W. and Dotray, P.A. 2003. Sorghum response to simulated drift rates of glyphosate. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society 56:273.
  • Murphree, T.A., Dotray, P.A., Keeling, J.W., Baughman, T.A. and Grichar, W.J. 2003. Response of five peanut varieties to diclosulam and flumioxazin in Texas. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society 56:34.
  • Peters, D.A., Dotray, P.A. and Keeling, J.W. 2003. Weed control with light activated sprayer on the Texas High Plains. Proc Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 2281.
  • Peters, D.A., Dotray, P.A. and Keeling, J.W. 2003. Weed control with a light activated sprayer: A three year study. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society 56:226-227.
  • Reed, J.C., Baughman, T.A., Keeling, J.W. and Dotray, P.A. 2003. Control of volunteer Roundup-Ready cotton. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society 56:283.
  • Vidrine, P.R., Kelly, S.T., Miller, D.K., Millhollon, E.P., Stewart, A.M., Dotray, P.A., Keeling, J.W., Grichar, W.J., Guy, C.B., Hayes, R.M., Kendig, J.A., Snipes, C.E., Reynolds, D.B., Tingle, C.H., York, A.C., Wilcut, J.W., Brecke, B., Murray, D.S., Banks, J.C., Murdock, E.C., MacDonald, G.F., Tredaway-Ducar, J.T., Chandler, J.M., Smith, K.L., Patterson, M.G., Culpepper, A.S., Kenty, M.M. and Thomas, J. 2003. Two-year assessment of 2,4-D preplant intervals in cotton. Proc Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 2293-2294.
  • Vidrine, P.R., Kelly, S.T., Miller, D.K., Millhollon, E.P., Stewart, A.M., Dotray, P.A., Keeling, J.W., Grichar, W.J., Guy, C.B., Hayes, R.M., Kendig, J.A., Snipes, C.E., Reynolds, D.B., Tingle, C.H., York, A.C., Wilcut, J.W., Brecke, B., Murray, D.S., Banks, J.C., Murdock, E.C., MacDonald, G.F., Tredaway-Ducar, J.T., Chandler, J.M., Smith, K.L., Patterson, M.G., Culpepper, A.S., Kenty, M.M. and Thomas, J. 2003. Two-year assessment of 2,4-D preplant intervals in cotton. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society 56:297.
  • Dotray, P.A., Baughman, T.A., Keeling, J.W. and Murphree, T.A. 2003. Peanut tolerance to flumioxazin, diclosulam, and dimethenamid. Proc. American Peanut Research and Education Society Conference 35:(In Press).
  • Dotray, P.A., Keeling, J.W., Everitt, J. and Lyon, L.L. 2003. Cotton recrop tolerance to Strongarm applied postemergence in 2002 at AG-CARES, Lamesa, TX. AG-CARES Report. 2 pages.
  • Baughman, T.A., Grichar, W.J., Dotray, P.A. and Reed, J.C. 2003. Weed control with reduced rates of Cadre and Pursuit in peanut. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society 56:35.
  • Burns, B.C., Dotray, P.A., Keeling, J.W. Keeling and Perkins, W.R. 2003. Annual and perennial weed control in Liberty Link cotton. Proc Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 2282-2283.
  • Burns, B.C., Dotray, P.A., Keeling, J.W. and Perkins, W.R. 2003. Weed management in glufosinate-tolerant cotton on the Texas Southern High Plains. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society 56:23-24.
  • Dotray, P.A., Murphree, T.A., Light, G.G., Grichar, W.J., Keeling, J.W. Keeling, Baughman, T.A., and Langston, V.B. 2003. Weed control systems in peanut with diclosulam postemergence. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society 56:65.
  • Dotray, P.A., Keeling, J.W., Everitt, J. and McCormick, K.M. 2003. Peanut tolerance Prowl and Sonalan applied preemerence and incorporated by irrigation at AG-CARES, Lamesa, TX. AG-CARES Report. 2 pages.
  • Grichar, W.J., Lemon, R.G., Dotray, P.A. and Besler, B.A. 2003. Control of problem weeds and net returns with herbicide programs in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Principles and practices in weed management: Weed Biology and Weed Management. Inderjit (ed.) Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands. (In Press)
  • Dotray, P.A. (Editor) 2003. Proceedings of the Southern Weed Science Society. 2003. ISSN: 0362-4463. 489 pages (CD-ROM only).
  • Light, G.G., Baughman, T.A., Dotray, P.A., Keeling, J.W. and Wester, D.B. 2003. Performance of glyphosate-tolerant stripper cotton varieties following glyphosate applications on the Texas High and Rolling Plains. Journal Cotton Sci. 7:86-90.
  • Grichar, W.J., Besler, B.A., Dotray, P.A., Johnson, III, W.C. and Prostko, E.P. 2003. Interaction of flumioxazin with dimethenamid or metolachlor in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Peanut Science. (In Press).
  • Mahan, J.R., Dotray, P.A. and Light, G.G. 2003. Thermal dependence of enzyme inhibition: Implications for herbicide efficiency and tolerance. Physiologia Plantarum. (In Press).
  • Lyon, L.L., Keeling, J.W. and Dotray, P.A. 2003. Evaluation and adaptation of the HADSS computer program in Texas High Plains cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Weed Technology. (In Press).
  • Dotray, P.A., Keeling, J.W., Grichar, W.J., Prostko, E.P., Lemon, R.G. and Everitt, J.D. 2003. Tolerance to dinitroaniline herbicides in Texas peanut. Peanut Science. (In Press).
  • Osborne, T.S., Keeling, J.W. and Dotray, P.A. 2003. Pyrithiobac combinations control red morningglory (Ipomoea coccinea) and devils-claw (Proboscidea louisianica) in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Texas Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources. (In Press).
  • Keeling, J.W. and Dotray, P.A. 2003. Weed Research Report. Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. 279 pages.


Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02

Outputs
Cotton varieties containing the gene that expresses tolerance to glufosinate (Liberty) herbicide were field tested at several locations. Glufosinate was used at rates up to 8-fold the proposed label rate, in sequential applications, and at several application timings. No visual injury was observed following any application. No differences were observed in plant stand, height, nodes per plant, yield, and fiber quality. Weed control systems using glufosinate were conducted and compared to other weed control programs. Liberty systems effectively controlled Palmer amaranth and devil's-claw and suppression of perennial weeds such as silverleaf nightshade, Texas blueweed, field bindweed, and wollyleaf bursage was observed. In the laboratory, work to isolate the enzyme responsible for tolerance (the PAT enzyme) continued. Studies continued to evaluate peanut varietal tolerance to two new soil-applied herbicides registered for use since 2000. These studies showed a difference in peanut injury to diclosulam, but not flumioxazin. Peanut injury appeared greatest with seed containing higher oil content. No injury was observed at the end of the both years of this experiment. Weed control using a light-activated weed sprayer continued in 2002. Similar to results obtained in 2000, weed control using glyphosate in this sprayer was similar to conventional foliar applications of glyphosate and significant herbicide savings (50 to 80 percent) were observed. Weeds were observed at application to create a visual image where weed patches exist. Sequential applications will provide a map to determine how these patches change over time. The effects of glyphosate drift on cotton and sorghum continued in 2002. Visual injury was not a good indicator of yield loss. The effects of 2,4-D applied preplant significantly injured cotton early season (up to 80 percent), but no yield differences were observed.

Impacts
Weed control continues to be a top priority for growers on the Texas High Plains because competiton for water and nutrients can significantly reduce yields and cause harvest loss. Cotton and peanut production systems continue to be examined for effective, environmentally sound, and economically feasibility weed management options.

Publications

  • Kaufman, H., T. Wheeler, P. Dotray, and W. Keeling. 2002. Remote sensing tools can add precision to your farming operation. The Agricultural Program. The Texas A&M University System. 4 pages.
  • Keeling, J. W. and P. A. Dotray. 2002. Weed Research Report. Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. 256 pages.
  • Everitt, J. D., J. W. Keeling, and P. A. Dotray. 2002. Perennial weed management in glyphosate- and bromoxynil-tolerant cotton. Abstr. Weed Science Society of America 42:66-67.
  • Keeling, J. W., R. Boman, M. Kelly, and P. A. Dotray. 2002. Response of glyphosate-tolerant cotton cultivars to glyphosate on the Texas High Plains. Abstr. Weed Science Society of America 42:66.
  • Lyon, L. L., J. W. Keeling, and P. A. Dotray. 2002. Weed management with the computer-based Herbicide Application Decision Support System (HADSS) program. Abstr. Weed Science Society of America 42:66.
  • Burns, B. C., P. A. Dotray, J. W. Keeling, and R. Perkins. 2002. Liberty tolerant cotton: Weed control and crop tolerance. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conferences. (CD ROM).
  • Dotray, P. A., B. Burns, W. J. Keeling, and J. B. Wilkerson. 2002. Weed management systems in Liberty-, Roundup-, and Buctril-tolerant cotton. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conferences. (CD ROM).
  • Everitt, J. D., J. W. Keeling, P. A. Dotray, and L. L. Lyon. 2002. Weed control in Roundup Ready cotton with residual herbicides. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conferences. (CD ROM).
  • Karnei, J.R., P. A. Dotray, J. W. Keeling, W. J. Grichar, T. A. Baughman, and R. G. Lemon. Cotton response to soil applied Cadre and Pursuit. 2002. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conferences. (CD ROM).
  • Bray, C. S., J. Tredaway-Ducar, J. W. Wilcut, D. L. Jordan, B. J. Brecke, G. R. Wehjte, P. A. Dotray, J. W. Grichar, W. C. Johnson, III, and C. W. Swann. 2002. Evaluation of reduced rates of Cadre, Strongarm, and Valor in peanut production. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society. 55:34.
  • Burns, B. C., P. A. Dotray, and J. W. Keeling. 2002. Tolerance and weed control in glufosinate tolerant cotton on the Texas Southern High Plains. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society. 55:14-15.
  • Dotray, P. A., J. W. Keeling, W. J. Grichar, T. A. Baughman, R. G. Lemon. and S.A. Senseman. 2002. Cotton response to imazapic and imazethapyr. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society. 55:168-169.
  • Dotray, P. A., D. A. Peters, J. W. Keeling, and J. B. Wilkerson. 2002. Weed control in cotton using a light-activated hooded sprayer. Proc. Western Society of Weed Science. 55:41.
  • Keeling, J. W., L. L. Lyon, T. A. Baughman, T. S. Osborne, and P. A. Dotray. 2002. Conventional cotton response to low rates of glyphosate. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conferences. (CD ROM).
  • Peters, D. A., P. A. Dotray, J. W. Keeling, J. B. Wilkerson, and H. Moody. 2002. Light-activated hooded sprayer: A two-year evaluation in High Plains cotton. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conferences. (CD ROM).
  • Karnei, J. R., P. A. Dotray, J. W. Keeling, and T. A. Baughman. 2002. Weed control and peanut response to diclosulam. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society. 55:32.
  • Lyon, L. L., J.W. Keeling, P. A. Dotray, and T. A. Baughman. 2002. Cotton and sorghum response to low rates of glyphosate. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society. 55:11-12.
  • Murphree, T. A., P. A. Dotray, J. W. Keeling, B. L. Porter, T. A. Baughman, W. J. Grichar, and R. G. Lemon. 2002. Varietal tolerance to diclosulam and flumioxazin in Texas peanut. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society. 55:33.
  • Peters, D. A., P. A. Dotray, J. W. Keeling, T. A. Murphree, and J. B. Wilkerson. 2002. Site specific weed management in Roundup Ready cotton. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society. 55:146.
  • Porter, B. L., P. A. Dotray, J. W. Keeling, and T. A. Baughman. 2002. Yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) Management with diclosulam and metolachlor combinations in Texas High Plains peanut. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society. 55:196.
  • Vidrine, P. R., S. T. Kelly, D. K. Miller, E. P. Millhollon, A. M. Stewart, P. A. Dotray, C. B. Guy, R. M. Hays, J. A. Kendig, C. E. Snipes, C. H. Tingle, M. M. Kenty, and J. Thomas. 2002. Reassessment of 2,4-D preplant intervals in cotton. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society. 55:170-171.


Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01

Outputs
Improved cotton germplasms containing the glufosinate-tolerant gene were field tested for glufosinate tolerance at high rates, sequential applications, and for tolerance at all growth stages. No visual injury was observed after any glufosinate application and no application adversely affected plant stand, height, nodes per plant, yield, and fiber quality. Laboratory studies were initiated to isolate the PAT enzyme (the enzyme which is responsible glufosinate-tolerance) to conduct thermal kinetic studies. Weed management systems in glufosinate-tolerant cotton was examined and compared to systems using bromoxynil-tolerant and glyphosate-tolerant cotton. The use of residual herbicides, tank-mix partners, weed species shifts, and the control of volunteer herbicide-tolerant cotton remain important questions. The use of a dinitroaniline herbicide plus timely applications of the appropriate postemergence herbicides effectively control Palmer amaranth and devil's-claw. The use of a light-activated weed sprayer was field tested for the second year. Although significant herbicide savings were observed (up to 85 percent), weed control was sometimes less than that observed using the conventional postemergence-topical and postemergence-directed applications. In addition, weed maps were created by interfacing the light-activated sprayer with a global position system to see of weed populations change over the course of a season and over seasons. Glyphosate drift studies were initiated in 2001 to correlate visual injury with yield reductions. Tests will continue in 2002. Weed control in peanuts focused on herbicide efficacy, crop tolerance, and their effects on rotational crops. Specific emphasis was given to diclosulam and flumioxazin, which were registered for use in peanut in 2000 and 2001, respectively. Both herbicides injured peanut in their introduction year and label changes have been made and other changes are pending. Twenty large plot experiments were initiated on the High Plains to examine peanut tolerance and weed control using diclosulam postemergence. Future changes on the diclosulam label may allow this application timing based on 2001 results. A varietal tolerance test was conducted at three locations in Texas and results indicate that higher oil peanut varieties are more susceptible to diclosulam. Although significant injury was observed using flumioxazin in Oklahoma, Georgia, and North Carolina, no injury was reported in Texas. The use of a light-activated weed sprayer in peanut was examined in 2001. Tests to correlate imazapic and imazethapyr concentrations in soil to cotton injury and yield reductions were initiated in 2001. Significant visual injury, stand, and yield loss was observed at the high rates of both herbicides. These tests will continue in 2002.

Impacts
Improvements in cotton weed control have been achieved through the use of herbicide-tolerant cotton varieties. Improvement in peanut weed control have been achieved through proper use of soil-applied herbicides and timing of postemergence herbicides.

Publications

  • Helm, A.L., Keeling, J.W., Dotray, P.A., and Carmichael, D.T. 2001. Weed management in Roundup Ready cotton cropping systems. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conference. p. 1228.
  • Karnei, J., P. A. Dotray, J. W. Keeling, and T. A. Baughman. 2001. Diclosulam performance in Texas High Plains peanut. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society 54:37.
  • Karnei, J., Dotray, P.A., Keeling, J.W., Porter, B.L., Baughman, T.A., Grichar, W.J., and Lemon, R.G. 2001. Performance of Valor in Texas peanut. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society 54:201-202.
  • Keeling, J.W., Dotray, P.A., Everitt, J.D., and Lyon, L.L. 2001. Roundup Ultra/residual herbicide tank mix combinations in Roundup Ready cotton. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society 54:4-5.
  • Keeling, J.W., Dotray, P.A., Everitt, J.D., and Lyon, L.L. 2001. Roundup Ultra Tank Mix Combinations in Roundup Ready Cotton. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conference. p. 1220.
  • Light, G.G., Dotray, P.A, Keeling, J.W., and Baughman, T.A. 2001. Summary of Roundup Ready cotton tolerance to glyphosate in the Texas High and Rolling Plains. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society 54:4.
  • Lyon, L.L., Keeling, J.W., and Dotray, P.A. 2001. Cotton HADSS: A two-year validation on the Texas Southern High Plains. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society 54:19-20
  • Lyon, L.L., Keeling, J.W., Dotray, P.A., and Everitt, J.D. 2001. Strategies for ivyleaf morningglory control in Roundup Ready cotton. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conference. p. 1221.
  • Peters, D.A., Dotray, P.A., Keeling, J.W., and Bond, J.A. 2001. Comparison of glyphosate applied with standard and light-activated hooded sprayers. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society 54:138.
  • Peters, D.A., Dotray, P.A., Keeling, J.W., and Bond, J.A. 2001. Weed management in Roundup Ready Cotton using a light-activated sprayer. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conference. p. 1223.
  • Blair, L.K., Dotray, P.A., Keeling, J.W., Gannaway, J.R., Oliver, M.J., and Quisenberry, J.E. 2001. Tolerance of transformed cotton Gossypium hirsutum to glufosinate. Weed Science 49:375-380.
  • Light, G.G., Dotray, P.A., and Mahan, J.R. 2001. A thermal application range for postemergence pyrithiobac applications. Weed Science 49:543-548.
  • Sheikh, T., Wheeler, T.A., Dotray, P.A., and Zak, J. 2001. Biological control of woollyleaf bursage (Ambrosia grayi) with Pseudomonas syringae. Weed Technology 15:375-381.
  • Baughman, T.A., Dotray, P.A., Westerman, R.B., Olson, B.L., Siji, J.W., Everitt, J.D., Keeling, J.W., Trostle, C.L., Smith, D.T., and Murray, D.S. 2001. Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.) tolerance to three postemergence herbicides. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society 54:177.
  • Bronson, K.F., Keeling, J.W., Wheeler, T.A., Lascano, R.J., Dotray, P.A., Brashears, A., Search, S., Siders, K., Booker, J.D., Booker, J., Boman, R.K., Li, H., and Chua, T. 2001. On-farm testing of site-specific management for irrigated cotton. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conference. p. 567.
  • Dotray, P.A., Karnei, J.R., Keeling, J.W., Baughman, T.A., Lemon, R.G., and Grichar, W.J. 2001. Peanut injury by diclosulam in West Texas. Proc. Western Society of Weed Science 54:19.
  • Dotray, P.A., Keeling, J.W., Bond, J.A., and Peters, D.A. 2001. Weed management systems in glufosinate-tolerant cotton. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society 54:5.
  • Dotray, P.A., Keeling, J.W., Bond, J.A., and Peters, D.A. 2001. Performance of Liberty-tolerant cotton in West Texas. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conference. p. 1213.
  • Everitt, J.D., Keeling, J.W., and Dotray, P.A. 2001. Long term woollyleaf bursage management in Roundup Ready cotton. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conference. p. 1222
  • Everitt, J.D., Keeling, J.W., Dotray, P.A., and Lyon, L.L. 2001. Ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea) management in Roundup Ready cotton. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society 54:3-4.
  • Porter, B.L., Dotray, P.A., Keeling, J.W., and Baughman, T.A. 2001. Metolachlor combinations for yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) management in West Texas peanut. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society 54:13.
  • Keeling, J.W. and Dotray, P.A. 2001. Weed research. Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. Lubbock Report. 336 p.
  • Lemon, R.G., Lee, T.A., Black, M., Grichar, W.J., Baughman, T., Dotray, P., Trostle, C., McFarland, M., Baumann, P., Crumley, C., Russell, J.S., and Norman, G. 2001. Texas Peanut Production Guide. Texas Agricultural Extension Service. Publication No. B-1514. 78 pages.
  • McMichael, B.L., Burke, J., Boman, R., Dotray, P., Hopper, N., Kaufman, H., Oosterhais, D., Wheeler, T., and Zak, J. 2001. Cotton root disorders. Cotton Incorporated. 49 pages.


Progress 01/01/00 to 12/31/00

Outputs
Transgenic cottons (Roundup Ready and BXN) were used to confirm tolerance and determine effective weed management systems on the High Plains. The use of residual herbicides and their time of application is still a major question that needs further examination. Field studies will also continue with Liberty-tolerant cotton. Improved varieties will be tested in 2001 for tolerance and in weed management systems. Economic analyses were determined by comparing transgenic cotton systems to conventional cotton systems. Weed control in peanuts focused on herbicide efficacy on weeds common to the Texas Southern High Plains. Effects of herbicide rates, timings, incorporations, and combinations on weed control, and rotational crop response was examined. Peanut tolerance to residual and postemergence herbicides was a major focus in 2000 and will continue in 2001. Specific emphasis will be placed on Strongarm herbicide, in light of the tolerance problems that occurred in 2001. Lab, greenhouse, and field experiments will try to pinpoint the case of this injury. The use of a light activated sprayer was initiated in 2000 and will continue in 2001. Additional equipment will be used to compare equipment to differentiate weeds in the field.

Impacts
Significant improvements in cotton weed control have been achieved with herbicide-tolerant cotton varieties. Improvements in peanut weed control have been achieved with appropriate incorporation methods following dinitroaniline applications and newly registered preemergence herbicides.

Publications

  • Lyon, L. L., Keeling, J.W., and Dotray, P.A. 2000. Weed management in Texas Southern High Plains cotton using the herbicide application decision support system (HADSS). Proc. Western Society of Weed Science 53:27.
  • Lyon, L.L, Keeling, J.W., Dotray, P.A., Blair, L.K., Wilcut, J.W., and Wilkerson, G.G. 2000. Validation of the cotton HADSS model for weed management on the Texas Southern High Plains. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society 53:219-220.
  • Lyon, L. L., Keeling, J.W., Dotray, P.A., Blair, L.K., Wilkerson, G.G., and Wilcut, J.W. 2000. Weed management on the Texas Southern High Plains using a computer based decision support system. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 1489.
  • Osborne, T.S., Keeling, J.W., Dotray, P.A., and Everitt, J.D. 2000. Preemergence/postemergence herbicides control lanceleaf sage (Salvia reflexa) in Texas High Plains cotton. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society 53:24-25.
  • Osborne, T. S., Keeling, J.W., Dotray, P.A., and Everitt, J.D. 2000. Preemergence/ postemergence herbicides control lanceleaf sage (Salvia reflexa) in Texas High Plains cotton. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society. p. 1483.
  • Blair, L.K., Dotray, P.A., Keeling, J.W., Gannaway, J.R., Oliver, M.J., and Quisenberry, J.E. 2000. Herbicide tolerance of glufosinate-tolerant cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Weed Science. (In Press)
  • Dotray, P.A., Baughmann, T.A., Keeling, J.W., Grichar, W.J., and Lemon, R.A. 2000. Effect of imazapic application timing on Texas peanut (Arachis hypogaea). Weed Technology. (In Press)
  • Baughman, T.A., Dotray, P.A., and Asher, S.B. 2000. Weed control with the Clearfield Wheat system. Abstr. Weed Science Society of America 40:59.
  • Baughman, T.A., Dotray, P.A., Keeling, J.W., and Prostko, E.P. 2000. Weed control systems in transgenic cotton. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 1487.
  • Blair, L.K., Dotray, P.A., Keeling, J.W., Gannaway, J.R., Lyon, L.L., Oliver, M.J., and Quisenberry, J.E. 2000. Crop tolerance and weed management in Liberty-tolerant cotton. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 1458-1459.
  • Boman, R., Keeling, J.W., Gannaway, J.R., Dotray, P.A., and Kelley, M. 2000. Performance of Roundup Ready cotton cultivars in the Texas High Plains. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 1464.
  • Dotray, P.A., Keeling, J.W., and Everitt, J.D. 2000. Efficacy of residual herbicides in Roundup Ready cotton. Proc. Western Society of Weed Science 53:26.
  • Dotray, P.A., Keeling, J.W., Osborne, T.S., and Everitt, J.D. 2000. Use of preemergence and postemergence residual herbicides in Roundup Ready cotton. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 1470.
  • Dotray, P.A., Porter, B.L., Keeling, J.W., Baughman, T.A., Grichar, W.J., Prostko, E.P., and Lemon, R.G. 2000. Weed management in Texas peanut with diclosulam. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society 53:15.
  • Everitt, J.D., Keeling, J.W., and Dotray, P.A. 2000. Woollyleaf bursage control in Roundup Ready and BXN cotton on the Texas Southern High Plains. Proc. Western Society of Weed Science 53:85.
  • Everitt, J. D., Keeling, J.W., Dotray, P.A., and Osborne, T.S. 2000. erennial weed management in Roundup Ready and BXN cotton on the Texas Southern High Plains. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 1487.
  • Everitt, J.D., Keeling, J.W., Dotray, P.A., and Osborne, T.S. 2000. Woollyleaf bursage (Ambrosia grayi) management in transgenic cotton on the Texas Southern High Plains. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society 53:23-24.
  • Helm, A. L., Keeling, J.W., Dotray, P.A., and Carmichael, D.T. 2000. Comparison of weed management strategies in Roundup Ready cotton. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 1473.
  • Helm, A.L., Keeling, J.W., Dotray, P.A., and Carmichael, D.T. 2000. Weed management in conservation, ultra narrow row, and conventional cotton cropping systems. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society 53:31-32.
  • Keeling, J. W., Dotray, P.A., Osborne, T.S., and Everitt, J.D. 2000. Weed management in Roundup Ready cotton: Conventional and conservation tillage systems. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 1477.
  • Light, G.G., Dotray, P.A., and Mahan, J.R. 2000. Evaluation of postemergence pyrithiobac application recommendation. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society 53:228-229.
  • Light, G. G., Dotray, P.A., and Mahan, J.R. 2000. Postemergence pyrithiobac efficacy is influenced by application temperature. Abstr. Weed Science Society of America 40:119-120.
  • Porter, B.L., Dotray, P.A., Keeling, J.W., and Baughman, T.A. 2000. Yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) management in Texas High Plains peanut production. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society 53:38.
  • Prostko, E. P., Baughman, T.A., Dotray, P.A., Grichar, W.J., Lee, T.A., and Lemon, R.G. 2000. Development of a peanut herbicide injury symptomology guide. Abstr. Weed Science Society of America 40:46-47.


Progress 01/01/99 to 12/31/99

Outputs
Transgenic cottons (Roundup Ready, BXN, and Liberty-tolerant cotton) were used to confirm tolerance and determine effective weed management systems on the High Plains. The choice of residual herbicide and its time of application is still a major question that needs further examination. Economic analyses were determined by comparing transgenic cotton systems to conventional cotton systems. Long-term control of perennial weeds such as woollyleaf bursage, silverleaf nightshade, and field bindweed in Roundup Ready and BXN cotton was established in 1998 and will continue through 2000. These studies will compare in-season herbicide treatments plus cultivation to the traditional fall applications. A computer-based decision aid program was investigated in 1999 and will continue in 2000. Weed control in peanuts focused on herbicide efficacy on weeds common to the Texas Southern High Plains. Effects of herbicide rates, timings, incorporations, and combinations on weed control, and rotational crop response was examined. Peanut tolerance to residual and postemergence herbicides was a major focus in 1999 and will continue in 2000. The use of a light activated sprayer was initiated in 1999 with a major research focus in 2000 and 2001. Additional equipment will be used to compare equipment to differentiate weeds in the field. Sunflower tolerance to postemergence herbicides will be investigated in 2000 in addition to weed control programs in guar.

Impacts
Significant improvements in cotton weed control have been achieved with glyphosate applications in glyphosate resistant (Roundup Ready) cotton. Improvements in peanut weed control have been achieved with appropriate incorporation methods following dinitroaniline applications.

Publications

  • Everitt, J. D., J. W. Keeling, P. A. Dotray, and T. S. Osborne. 1999. Roundup Ready and BXN systems for perennial weed control on the Texas Southern High Plains. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society 52:239.
  • Keeling, J. W., P. A. Dotray, and T. S. Osborne. 1999. Efficacy of residual herbicides in Roundup Ready cotton systems. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society 52:3.
  • Keeling, J. W., J. S. Osborne, and P. A. Dotray. 1999. Pre/post Staple combinations in Texas High Plains cotton. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p.742.
  • Grichar, W. J., D. C. Sestak, and P. A. Dotray. 1999. Diclosulam for weed control in Texas peanut. Peanut Science. (In Press)
  • Light, G.G., P. A. Dotray, and J. R. Mahan. 1999. Thermal dependence of pyrithiobac efficacy in Palmer amaranth Amaranthus palmeri. Weed Science. (In Press)
  • Baumann, P. A. E. P. Prostko, J. W. Smith,III, B.W. Bean, J. E. Bremer, P.A. Dotray, and J.W. Keeling. 1999. Opportunities and challenges for Roundup Ready corn technologies in Texas. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society 52:28.
  • Blair, L. K., P. A. Dotray, J. W. Keeling, J. R. Gannaway, M. J. Oliver, and J. E. Quisenberry. 1999. Crop tolerance and weed management in glufosinate tolerant cotton. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society 52:5-6.
  • Blair, L. K., P. A. Dotray, J. W. Keeling, J. R. Gannaway, M. J. Oliver, and J. E. Quisenberry. 1999. Liberty Link cotton: Tolerance and weed management systems. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 747.
  • Dotray, P. A., J. W. Keeling, and T. S. Osborne. 1999. Influence of application timing and method on diclosulam efficacy in West Texas peanut. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society 52:64.
  • Dotray, P. A., J. W. Keeling, and T. S. Osborne. 1999. Roundup Ready cotton weed control systems in West Texas. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p.733.
  • Everitt, J. D., J. W. Keeling, P. A. Dotray, and T. S. Osborne. 1999. Perennial weed control in Roundup Ready and BXN cotton. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p.749.
  • Light, G.G., P. A. Dotray, and J. R. Mahan. 1999. Application temperature influences pyrithiobac efficacy in a semiarid environment. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p.747-748.
  • Light, G.G., P. A. Dotray, and J. R. Mahan. 1999. Characterization of acetolactate synthase in Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri). Proc. Southern Weed Science Society 52:159.
  • Light, G.G., P. A. Dotray, and J. R. Mahan. 1999. Isolation and characterization of acetolactate synthase isozymes from Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri). Proc. Western Society of Weed Science 52:145.
  • Osborne, T. S., J. W. Keeling, P. A. Dotray, and J.D. Everitt. 1999. Weed management in cotton with preemergence and postemergence Staple combinations. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society 52:36.
  • Prostko, E. P., P. A. Baumann, B. W. Bean, J. E. Bremer, P. A. Dotray, and J.W. Keeling. 1999. Glyphosate resistant corn in Texas--1998. Abstr. Weed Science Society of America 39:54-55.
  • Sheikh, T., P.A. Dotray, and T.A. Wheeler. 1999. Control of woollyleaf bursage (Ambrosia grayi) with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis. Proc. Western Society of Weed Science 52:18-19.


Progress 01/01/98 to 12/31/98

Outputs
Transgenic cottons (Roundup Ready and BXN cotton) were used to confirm tolerance and determine effective weed management systems on the High Plains. Economic analyses were determined by comparing transgenic cotton systems to conventional cotton systems. Glufosinate-tolerant cotton was developed by USDA-ARS and field tested in 1997 and 1998. No glufosinate application adversely affected glufosinate-tolerant cotton growth and development. Field tests focusing on weed control systems with glufosinate will continue in 1999. Weed control in peanuts focused on efficacy of herbicide on weeds common to the Texas Southern High Plains. Effects of herbicide rates, timings, incorporations, and combinations on weed control, peanut response and rotational crop response was examined. Studies will continue in 1999. Long-term control of perennial weeds, woollyleaf bursage, silverleaf nightshade, and field bindweed in Roundup Ready and BXN cotton was initiated in 1998. Biological control of woollyleaf bursage continued in 1998. Pseudomonas syringe infected woollyleaf bursage more effectively when applications were made at mid-day as opposed to earlier and late-day applications. Spray volume, pressure, and concentrations were also investigated. Standard operating procedures were developed for acetolactate synthase (ALS)extraction from Palmer amaranth. Ki values were determined and compared to whole plant efficacy studies. Field applications were made throughout the growing season in 1997 and 1998 to correlate pyrithiobac efficacy to leaf temperature (within one hour of application).

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

  • Light, G.G., Dotray, P.A., and Mahan, J.R. 1998. Inhibition kinetics used to evaluate thermal dependence of pyrithiobac in Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri). Abstr. Weed Science Society of America 38:83.
  • Wheeler, T.A., Dotray, P.A., and Winchester, J. 1998. Root rot by Rhizoctonia solani on Ambrosia grayi in Texas. Plant Disease 82:959.
  • Asher, B.S., Keeling, J.W., Dotray, P.A., and Segarra, S. 1998. Performance and economics of cotton weed management systems for the Texas Southern High Plains. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society 51:44-45.
  • Dotray, P.A., Keeling, J.W., Asher, B.S., and Osborne, T.S. 1998. Weed control systems for West Texas peanuts. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society 51:57-58.
  • Dotray, P.A., Keeling, J.W., Blair, L.K., Gannaway, J.R., Quisenberry, J.E., and Oliver, M.J.. 1998. Field performance of glufosinate- tolerant cotton. World Cotton Research Conference 2:288.
  • Dotray, P.A., Keeling, J.W., Blair, L.K., Gannaway, J.R., Quisenberry, J.E., and Oliver, M.J. 1998. Performance of Liberty-tolerant cotton. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 860-861.
  • Keeling, J.W., Dotray, P.A., Osborne, T.S., and Asher, B.S. 1998. Annual and perennial weed management strategies in Roundup Ready cotton with Roundup Ultra. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society 51:49.
  • Keeling, J.W., Dotray, P.A., Osborne, T.S., and Asher, B.S. 1998. Postemergence weed management with Roundup Ultra, Buctril, and Staple in Texas High Plains cotton. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 861-862.
  • Osborne, T.S., Keeling, J.W., and Dotray, P.A. 1998. Devil's claw (Proboscidea louisianica), red morningglory (Ipomoea coccinea), and common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) control with preemergence and postemergence Staple combinations. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society 51:55.
  • Osborne, T.S., Keeling, J.W., and Dotray, P.A. 1998. Preemergence/ postemergence staple combinations improve weed control in cotton. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conference. p. 841-842.


Progress 01/01/97 to 12/31/97

Outputs
Transgenic cottons (Roundup Ready and BXN cotton) were used to confirm tolerance and determine effective weed mgmt. systems on the High Plains. Economic analyses were determined by comparing transgenic cotton systems to conventional cotton systems. Glufosinate-tolerant cotton was dev. by USDA-ARS and field tested in 1997. No glufosinate application adversely affected glufosinate-tolerant cotton growth and development. Field tests will continue in 1998. Cont. progress was made on determining effective weed mgmt. systems that control annual and perennial grass and broadleaf weeds in row crops, noncropland, and in turfgrass. Short-and long-term weed control, crop injury, and rotational crops were investigated. Control of perennial weeds, such as woollyleaf bursage, Texas blueweed, hogpotato, and Johnsongrass were examined as well as "new" weeds such as shining tickseed, piemelon, and rough backfoot. In-season or fall apps. were made and control will be examined in 1998. Polymers that included organophosphate insecticides were used to determine their safening ability against clomazone in cotton seedbeds. Biological control of woollyleaf bursage continued in 1997. Pseudomonas syringe inoculum sent by Mycogen Corp. and Rhizoctonia solani infected woollyleaf bursage and studies will continue in 1998. Standard operating proc. were dev. for acetolactate synthase (ALS) extraction from Palmer amaranth. Because ALS act. was extremely low, microtiter plate assays were developed. Ki values were determined and compared to whole plant efficacy studies. Field apps. were made throughout the growing season (10) to correlate pyrithiobac efficacy to leaf temp. (within one hour of app.). Weed control in peanut was examined in numerous field studies and rotational crop response will be determined in 1998.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

  • DOTRAY, P.A. AND KEELING, J.W. 1997. Purple nutsedge control in peanut as affected by imazameth and imazethapyr application timing. Peanut Science. 24:113-116.
  • DOTRAY, P.A., GRONWALD, J.W., WYSE, D.L., SOMERS, D.A., AND GENGENBACH, B.G. 1997. Graminicide resistance of selected corn (Zea mays)lines. Weed Science. (Submitted)
  • ASHER, B.S., KEELING, AND DOTRAY, P.A. 1997. Postemergence weed management in Roundup Ready and BXN cotton. Proc. Southern Society of Weed Science 50:173-174.
  • DOTRAY, P.A. AND KEELING, J.W. 1997. Tolerance of Roundup Ready cotton to Roundup applied at various growth stages. P. Dugger and D.A. Richter (eds.). Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conference. p. 778.
  • DOTRAY, P.A. AND KEELING, J.W. 1997. Weed management in West Texas peanut. Proc. Southern Society of Weed Science 50:6.
  • KEELING, J.W. AND DOTRAY, P.A. 1997. Weed management in conservation tillage systems with Roundup Ready cotton. P. Dugger and D.A. Richter (eds.). Proc. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conference. p. 781.
  • KETCHERSID, M.L., SENSEMAN, S.A., AND DOTRAY, P.A. 1997. Persistence of trifluralin and clomazone after early preplant incorporated applications. Proc. Southern Society of Weed Science 50:192.
  • KEELING, J.W., DOTRAY, P.A., AND OSBORNE, T.S. 1997. Roundup Ready cotton: Weed management in conservation tillage systems. Proc. Southern Society of Weed Science 50:49.
  • LIGHT, G.G., DOTRAY, P.A., MAHAN, J.R., AND THOMPSON, D. 1997. Efficacy of pyrithiobac in Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) as affected by thermal stress. Proc. Southern Society of Weed Science 50:195.
  • OSBORNE, T.S., KEELING, J.W., AND DOTRAY, P.A. 1997. Preemergence and postemergence strategies for devil's-claw (Proboscidea louisianica) control in cotton. Proc. Southern Society of Weed Science 50:171.
  • DOTRAY, P.A. AND KEELING, J.W. 1997. Effects of broadleaf herbicides on control of mornigglory species with imazameth. Proc. American Peanut Research and Education Society. (In Press)
  • DOTRAY, P.A., KEELING, J.W., AND ASHER, B.S. 1997. Tolerance of Roundup Ready cotton to glyphosate applied at various growth stages. Proc. Western Society of Weed Science. (In Press)


Progress 01/01/96 to 12/30/96

Outputs
Transgenic cottons (Roundup Ready and BXN cotton) were used to confirm toleranceand determine effective weed mgmt. systems on the High Plains. Glufosinate-tolerant cotton was dev. in the greenhouse (by USDA-ARS) and will be field tested in 1997. Cont. progress was made on determining effective weed mgmt. systems that control annual and perennial grass and broadleaf weeds in row crops. Clomazone and pyrithiobac were used alone or in comb. with older herbicides. Short- and long-term weed control, crop injury, and rotational crops were investigated. Control of perennial weeds, such as woollyleaf bursage, Texas blueweed, hogpotato, and Johnsongrass were examined in 1996. In-season or fall apps. were made and control will be examined in 1997. Biological control of woollyleaf bursage continued in 1996. Pseudomonas syringe inoculum sent by Mycogen Corp. and Rhizoctonia infected woollyleaf bursage and studies will continue in 1997. Soil adsorption/desorption studies were completed in 1996. Standard operating proc. were dev. for acetolactate synthase (ALS) extraction from Palmer amaranth. Because ALS act. was extremely low, microtiter plate assays were developed. Field apps. were made throughout the growing season (10) to correlate pyrithiobac efficacy to leaf temp. (within one hour after app.). In Gayla and Matua bromegrass, tolerance was examined using new and old herbicides and tolerance and weed control studies will continue in 1997.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

  • DOTRAY, P.A., GRONWALD, J.W., WYSE, D.L., SOMERS, D. A., and GENGENBACH, B.G. 1996. Graminicide tolerance in tissue culture derived cron (Zea mays) lines. Weed Science. (Submitted).
  • DOTRAY, P.A. and KEELING, J.W. 1996. Silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium) control in cotton with glyphosate at reduced rates. Texas J. Agric. Nat. Resour. 9:33-41.
  • DOTRAY, P.A., KEELING, J.W., HENNIGER, G. C., and ABERNATHY, J.R. 1996. Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmer) and devilsclaw (Probosidea louisianica) control in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) with pyrithiobac. Weed Technology. 10:7-12.
  • DOTRAY, P.A. and MCKENNEY, C.B. 1996. Established and seeded buffalograss tolerance to preemergence herbicides. HortScience. 31:393-395.
  • KEELING, J.W., DOTRAY, P. A., and ABERNATHY, J.R.. 1996. Long-term effects of repeated applications of trifluralin and pendimethalin on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Weed Technology. 10:295-298.


Progress 01/01/95 to 12/30/95

Outputs
New cotton herbicides such as clomazone and pyrithiobac were used alone or in combination with older herbicides. Short- and long-term weed control, crop injury, and recropping problems were investigated. Control of perennial weeds, such as woollyleaf bursage, Texas blueweed, hogpotato, and Johnsongrass were examined in 1995. In-season or fall applications were made and control will be examined in 1996. Vegetable recrop studies were initiated in 1995 using clomazone and pyrithiobac. In 1996, beans, onions, and peppers will be planted. Studies examining weed competition in cotton were completed in 1995. Early season light and water competition were observed. Biological control of woollyleaf bursage was examined in 1995. Soil borne organisms such as Phoma and Fusarium were identified on dead weeds, but offered no selectivity in cotton. Pseudomonas syringe inoculum sent by Mycogen Corporation appears to infect woollyleaf bursage and studies will continue in 1996. Soil adsorption/desorption studies were completed in 1995. Using three west Texas soils, sorption was studied to determine potential persistence problems. Standard operating procedures were developed for acetolactate synthase (ALS) extraction from Palmer amaranth. Because ALS activity was extremely low, microtiter plate assays were developed. In trufgrass, new and old herbicides which may be used in seeded cool and warm season turfgrasses was examined.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications